P agents

From past experience and an examination of the results provided by each of the P agents, a first tentative group of aspiration levels, y, that one should aim to reach, is defined by the user (yf = excellent, y = good-or-excellent2, etc.) ... 

Caution with heart rate less than 60 bpm Selectivity of P, agents is diminished at higher doses... 

Taylor P. Agents acting at the neuromuscular junction and autonomic ganglia. In Hardman JG, et al, eds. 

Heaney, L.G., Cross, L.J.M., Stanford, C.F. and Ennis, M. (1994). Differential reactivity of human bronchoalveolar lavage mast cells to substance P. Agents Actions 41, C19-C21. 

Cicurel L, Pechadre J-C, Grandjean E, Duchene-MaruUaz P. Agents Actions 1992 SPC C440-C443. 

H2N(CH2)jCOOH, C H,3N02. Prepared from -benzoylaminocapronitrile or from l-hydroxycyclohexylhydroperoxide, m.p. 205 0. Aminocaproic acid is an antifibrinolytic agent, used to treat thrombosis in the deep veins. amiDoethyl alcohol. See ethanolamines. 

Antimony peniachloride, SbCls. M.p. TC, b.p. 79 C (Sb or SbCIa plus CI2). Readily hydrolysed by water, forms complexes, e.g. [SbClft]". Mixed antimony(III)/(V) complexes occur as salts M2SbCl6. SbCls is used extensively as a chlorinating agent. 

Antimony trifluoride, Sbp3, m.p. 292°C, sublimes319 C(Sb203 in HFsolution). Forms complex ions, e.g. [SbFJ". Widely used as a fairly mild fluorinating agent. 

M.p. 190-192 C. The enolic form of 3-oxo-L-gulofuranolactone. It can be prepared by synthesis from glucose, or extracted from plant sources such as rose hips, blackcurrants or citrus fruits. Easily oxidized. It is essential for the formation of collagen and intercellular material, bone and teeth, and for the healing of wounds. It is used in the treatment of scurvy. Man is one of the few mammals unable to manufacture ascorbic acid in his liver. Used as a photographic developing agent in alkaline solution. 

A white solid, m.p. 178 C. Primarily of interest as a brominaling agent which will replace activated hydrogen atoms in benzylic or allylic positions, and also those on a carbon atom a to a carbonyl group. Activating influences can produce nuclear substitution in a benzene ring and certain heterocyclic compounds also used in the oxidation of secondary alcohols to ketones. 

Dihydroxybutane. -butylene glycol, CH3CH(0H)CH2CH20H, b.p. 204°C. Manufactured by reduction of aldol or by the action of yeast on aldol. Used to prepare butadiene. Used in brake fluids, in gelling agents and as an intermediate in plasticizers. 

The dihydrochloride is a white crystalline powder, m.p. about 225 C (decomp.). Used as an antiseptic and skin sterilizing agent, and as a bacteriostat in some pharmaceutical formulations. 

Chlorine trifluoride, CIF3. M.p. — 76°C, b.p. 12°C, T-shaped, a powerful fluorinating agent. 

H0S(CI)02. Colourless liquid m.p. -80°C, b.p. 158" C (SO3 plus HCl or H2SO4 plus PCIj or POCI3). Hydrolysed by water. Used as a chlorinating and sulphonating agent. 

Chromium trioxide. CrOj. Red precipitate from [Cr04p plus cone. H2SO4, m.p. 198 C, loses oxygen at 420" C. CrOa is a powerful oxidizing agent and is used as such. Acidic, gives [Cr04] - with water. 

Crystalline solid m.p. 35-36 "C, b.p. 154--156 C, prepared by oxidizing A,A -dicycIo-hexylthiourea with HgO in carbon disulphide solution, also obtained from cyclohexylamine and phosgene at elevated temperatures. Used as a mild dehydrating agent, especially in the synthesis of p>eptides from amino-acids. Potent skin irritant. 

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