Oxygenates sources

Carrying out a combustion. The apparatus (Fig. 85, p. 469) will have been left with the bottle W connected to the beak of the combustion tube via the guard tube V and with all the taps shut, the combustion tube, which is dways allowed to cool down while connected to the oxygen source, will therefore be full of oxygen at slightly above atmospheric pressure, thus preventing any leaking in of carbon dioxide or water vapour from the air. 

Now here is a post from a very influential chemist named Spice-boy who has contributed quite a bit to this science (hypothetically of course). She decided to go ahead and apply the idea of using benzoquinone as the oxygen source. If this works it would mean that one would not have to use a balloon of O2 at all. thus making the entire apparatus much more simpler and causing an increase in the efficiency of oxygen uptake and transfer by the system. So let s see what Spiceboy dreamt might happen if this were actually applied ... 

The method is basically an application of the Wacker oxidation except that the catalyst used is palladium acetate ( Pd(AcO)2 or Pd(02CCH3)2). the solvent is acetic acid or tert-butyl alcohol and the oxygen source is the previously suggested hydrogen peroxide (H202)[17]. 

The catalytic vapor-phase oxidation of propylene is generally carried out in a fixed-bed multitube reactor at near atmospheric pressures and elevated temperatures (ca 350°C) molten salt is used for temperature control. Air is commonly used as the oxygen source and steam is added to suppress the formation of flammable gas mixtures. Operation can be single pass or a recycle stream may be employed. Recent interest has focused on improving process efficiency and minimizing process wastes by defining process improvements that use recycle of process gas streams and/or use of new reaction diluents (20-24). 

Historically, potassium metal was used by the Mine Safety AppHances Company (parent company of Gallery Chemical Company) to develop potassium superoxide [12030-88-5] oxygen source in self-contained breathing equipment (see Oxygen-GENERATION systems). Greater understanding... 

Potassium Superoxide. Potassium, mbidium, and cesium form superoxides, MO2, upon oxidation by oxygen or air. Sodium yields the peroxide, Na202 lithium yields the oxide, Li20, when oxidized under comparable conditions. Potassium superoxide [12030-88-5] KO2 liberates oxygen in contact with moisture and carbon dioxide (qv). This important property enables KO2 to serve as an oxygen source in self-contained breathing equipment. 

Iron Oxides. Chelated iron oxide, using nittilotriacetic acid [139-13-9] and EDTA, has been studied as an alternative oxygen source (35). Iron oxide which is often difficult for the microbes to access, is made more available by chelating agents. 

R. N. Miller, "A Field-Scale Investigation of Enhanced Petroleum Hydrocarbon Biodegradation ia the Vadose Zone Combining Soil Venting as an Oxygen Source with Moisture and Nutrient Addition," doctoral dissertation submitted to the Civil and Environmental Engineering Department,... 

Another common deposition reaction uses carbon dioxide as the oxygen source in a plasma at temperatures ranging from 200 to 600°C and pressure usually less than 1 Torr.O l... 

The deposition of thin films of the high-temperature superconductor yttrium-barium-copper oxide, YBa2Cu307, is obtained from the mixed halides, typically YCI3, Bal2, and CUCI2, with O2 and H2O as oxygen sources. Deposition temperatures are 870-910°C.f ]... 

Figure 6.1. 8 0 in 0-labeled drinking water compared with that in rat body water and in bone phosphate. Body water and bone phosphate 6 0 values plot with slopes less than 1.0 reflecting the input from other oxygen sources (data from Luz and Kolodny 1985). 

Body water oxygen isotopic composition in mammals is a function of the oxygen mass balance of the specific animal. In general, it can be related to three major oxygen sources air oxygen, drinking water, and food (both the... 

Recently, Nam, Fukuzumi, and coworkers succeed in an iron-catalyzed oxidation of alkanes using Ce(IV) and water. Here, the generation of the reactive nonheme iron (IV) 0x0 complex is proposed, which subsequently oxidized the respective alkane (Scheme 16) [104]. With the corresponding iron(II) complex of the pentadentate ligand 31, it was possible to achieve oxidation of ethylbenzene to acetophenone (9 TON). 0 labeling studies indicated that water is the oxygen source. 

Arrow-heads 4- and t designate on/off switching of signlet oxygen source. Pq = 3-10-1 Torr, TcoaO = 296 K. 

Tanthracene = 243 K, = 4-10 Toit. An asterisk designates on- and an arrowhead, off-switching of singlet oxygen source... 

---