Oxygenated fatty acids applications

Table 5.3 Survey of liquid separations using crystalline materials carbohydrates, fatty acids and oxygenated organics applications.

The application of these organisms decreases the BOD (biological oxygen demand) of such solutions because of the utilization of the pentoses. When sulfite waste liquor is fermented in this manner, the BOD is reduced 34.3%. Scholler reports yields of mixtures of butyl alcohol, acetone, ethyl alcohol and fatty acids equivalent to 13 to 16%... 

Not surprisingly, heat treatment, such as commercial and household frying, accelerates autoxidation. In addition to undergoing autoxidation, when fats are heated in the presence of moisture, as often is the case in food applications, fatty acids are released via hydrolysis of the ester linkages (233). The free fatty acids can accelerate oxidation of the oil. During heat treatment, the formation of dimeric and cyclic compounds seems to be the predominant thermolytic reaction of unsaturated fatty acids. In the presence of oxygen during heat treatment, however, oxidative... 

Natural soybean oil is too viscous and reactive to atmospheric oxygen to be used in many biobased product applications. These limitations must be overcome for soybean oil to be used in fuels, cosmetics, and lubricants, but on the other hand, soybean oil is not sufficiently reactive to be used in most paints and coatings. Important end-use categories for which economic data exist include fatty acids, paints and varnishes, resins and plastics, drying-oil products, and other industrial products. Coating vehicles (paints and varnishes) and epoxidized oils (resins and plastics) comprise 50% of... 

A soluble extract was obtained by Lynen and Tada (1961) fromP. patulum that required acetyl-CoA and malonyl-CoA plus NADPH for activity synthesis of 6-methylsalicylic acid, therefore, involves a reductive step to remove an oxygen function. These substrates are identical to those encountered in fatty acid synthesis, and this has led to the proposal that a multienzyme complex similar to fatty acid synthetase might be involved (Lynen and Tada, 1961 Lynen, 1961). Active thiol sites associated with this enzyme were also implicated in binding the intermediates by thioester linkage. The general mechanism applicable to the two synthetases, therefore, appears to be very similar, and the importance of their relationship to each other may be stressed. 

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