Oxygen safety hazards

The hydrogen and oxygen produced create a safety hazard. Beyond that, they can cause Pb, Pb02, and PbS04 to flake off the plates. In a modem maintenance-free battery, the lead plates are alloyed with small amounts of calcium, which inhibits the electrolysis reaction. 

After recovery of the EDC, the vent gas contains both oxygen and fuels (ethane and uncondensed EDC) that would be a flammable mixture and a serious safety hazard if the plant were not designed and operated correctly. 

In the consolidated form, vanadium metal and its alloys pose no particular health or safety hazard. However, they do react violendy with certain materials, including BrF3, chlorine, lithium, and some strong acids (23). As is tme with many metals, there is a moderate fire hazard in the form of dust or fine powder or when the metal is exposed to heat or flame. Since vanadium reacts with oxygen and nitrogen in air, control of such fires normally involves smothering the burning material with a salt. 

A motivational look at the non-chemical hazards often encountered by hazardous waste workers. Recognizing dangerous situations, avoiding safety hazards (slips, trips, falls, electrical hazards, natural hazards, oxygen deficiency, heat stress), and special precautions for limited mobility and communication when wearing personal protective equipment. Pari of eight-volume series, Working in the Hazard Zone. ... 

Hash devolatilization is a simple and effective method to remove the majority of solvent and unreacted monomers from the polymer solution. Product from the reactor is charged to a flash vessel and throttled to vacuum conditions whereby the volatile solvent and monomers are recovered and condensed. In the process, the polymer melt cools, sometimes considerably, due to the evaporation of volatiles. The polymer product is pumped from the bottom of the flash vessel with a gear pump or other suitable pump for viscous materials. Critical to operation of the flash devolatilization unit is prevention of air back into the unit that reduces stripping ability and potentially allows oxygen into the unit that can discolor products or pose a safety hazard if low autoignition temperature solvents are used. Often one flash devolatilization unit is insufficient to reduce the residual material to a sufficient level and thus additional units can be added in series [61]. In each vessel, the equilibrium concentration of volatile material in the polymer melt, is a function of the pressure and temperature the flash unit operates at, with consideration for the polymer solvent interaction effects described by the Hory-Huggins equation. Flash devolatilization units, while simple to operate, may be prone to foam development as the superheated volatiles rapidly escape from the polymer melt. Viscous polymers or polymers with mixed functionalities... 

Elements combine or bond together by giving away electrons, taking electrons from another element, or by sharing them. Only outer electrons normally get irtvolved in chemical reactions. When an element loses electrons, it is oxidized and becomes a positive ion. When an element takes electrons it is reduced, and becomes a negative ion Oxidation by chlorine, for example, may occur even though oxygen is not involved. An oxidation reaction which involves chlorine and is a safety hazard, for example, is the reaction between pool chlorine (calcium hypochlorite) and brake fluid. 

In practice, Ziegler-Natta catalyst systems are difficult to work with. Great care must be exercised in their preparation and use, since they are easily poisoned by water, among other things. They are pyrophoric (spontaneously burst into flame on contact with oxygen) and are used in close proximity to large amounts of flammable monomers and solvents. Therefore, they can present a significant safety hazard both in the laboratory and in the plant. 

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