Oxygen ratio

The temperatures decline from a high of 115°C ia the first reactor to 90°C ia the last. The oxygen ratio as a function of consumable oxygen is also... 

The gasification is performed usiag oxygen and steam (qv), usually at elevated pressures. The steam—oxygen ratio along with reaction temperature and pressure determine the equiUbrium gas composition. The reaction rates for these reactions are relatively slow and heats of formation are negative. Catalysts maybe necessary for complete reaction (2,3,24,42,43). 

Apart from drese intrinsic properties, extrinsic effects can be produced in many oxides by variation of die metal/oxygen ratio drrough control of die atmospheric oxygen potential. The p-type contribution is increased as die oxygen pressure increases, and die n-type contribution as die oxygen pressure decreases. The pressure dependence of drese contributions can usually be described by a simple power dependence dins... 

Accuracy. Precision and Conditions for Thermal and Fast NAA for Al. Cl Mn Determination of Pellet Weight and of the Copper/Oxygen Ratio to... 

Determination of Pellet Weight and Copper/Oxygen Ratios for... 

A side stream from the anode product mixture is passed over a hot (100-115°C) alumina bed where the fluorine reacts quantitatively to produce aluminum fluoride and oxygen. The nitrogen/oxygen ratio is... 

Under open-circuit conditions the catalyst potential UwR=Urhe takes values of the order 0.4-0.85 V, that is -0.35 to +0.1 V on the standard hydrogen electrode scale (she), depending on the hydrogen to oxygen ratio. 

Both reactions may take place simultaneously at a deposition temperature of 450°C and at atmospheric pressure. Reaction (1) can also take place in a plasma at 15-300 mTorr and in a temperature range of200-300°C with a silane-to-oxygen ratio of 10/1 in a flow of argon or helium. These two reactions are used to produce doped silica by adding a doping gas such as diborane (B2H ) or phosphine (PH3) to the stream. 

Transition metal oxides show a broad structural variety due to their ability to form phases of varying metal to oxygen ratios reflecting multiple stable oxidation states of the metal ions... 

Figure 9. COj (MW=45) and COj (MW=44) response curves for a ethylene -t- oxygen pulse to a continuous acetic acid saturated nitrogen stream after it is passed over the Pd-Au w/KOAc catalyst with different ethylene to oxygen ratios (e.g., 4 to 1).

Figure 3.44 Conversion rates and product selectivity of partial methane oxidation performed under constant heating power as a function of the methane/oxygen ratio [112. ...

GP23][R8] UsingtwotypesofLiAlO 2catalystscoatedinmicrochannels,itwas shown that with increasing methane-to-oxygen ratio the conversion of methane rises from about lOto 20% (total flow lOOmlmin methane/oxygen 1,2,4 ... 

Follow-up investigations of the earlier spectroscopic studies6 were designed to simulate a catalytic reaction, albeit at low pressures, with both chemical and structural information available from XPS and STM, respectively. With a 30 1 ammonia-to-oxygen ratio imide strings were formed11 at 290 K running in the... 

Which reaction pathway dominates is dependent on the O s) concentration and the relative rates of carbonate formation and desorption of the gaseous C4, C6 and C7 gaseous products some control of these is possible38 by varying the propene-to-oxygen ratio and also the oxidant, such as substituting N20 for 02. 

An equally important factor is the biomass/oxygen ratio. If oxygen is deficient, then the biomass cannot be sustained under aerobic conditions. Thus, control of the oxygen supply becomes important. In fact, in bioremediation the most important part of the design is the provision of an appropriate level of oxygen supply to maintain an efficient process. 

The parent phase is a stoichiometric oxide M02 with the fluorite structure. Substitution of a lower valence cation for Zr4+ is compensated by oxygen vacancies (Section 1.11.6 and Section 4.4.5). Taking calcia-stabilized zirconia as an example, addition of CaO drops the metal to oxygen ratio to below 2.0, and the formula of the oxide becomes Ca Zrj -x02-x. 

Such a measurement can tell us about the chemical evolution of oxygen, such as whether the isotopes differentiated via a thermal cycle in which lighter leO fractionates from the heavier lsO, much as Vostok ice-core oxygen ratios reveal the Earth s prehistoric climate. From this fixed point of the Sun s oxygen ratios, we can then trace the history of water in other planetary bodies since their birth in the solar nebulae through the subsequent cometary bombardment [13]. In NASA s search for water on the Moon, important for the establishment of a future Moon base, such isotopic ratios will determine whether the water is a vast mother lode or just a recent cometary impact residue. 

The nitrogen cleaning loop consists of a filter to remove any dust, a platinum catalyst bed to remove ethylene glycol, acetaldehyde and oligomers by combustion at quasi-stoichiometric oxygen ratios, and a gas dryer for the removal of moisture down to dew points below —40 °C. The oxygen content of the nitrogen is typically <10 ppm. 

The catalytic performance depends a great deal on the reaction conditions, and specifically on the isobutane-to-oxygen ratio in the feed. Usually isobutane-rich conditions are claimed to be more selective, and the reason for this is that under these conditions the operative POM is a partially reduced one, and a more reduced POM is intrinsically more selective than a fully oxidized one. High isobutane partial pressures help to improve the selectivity, avoiding further oxidation of methacrylic acid. 

Denitrification occurs only in the presence of oxidized nitrogen and in an environment with limited (whieh prevails in the subsurfaee). Beeause denitrifieation is an enzyme-mediated reaetion, the substrate concentration funetions as a rate-determining factor. The dominant denitrifying bacteria are heterotrophie. The favored environmental conditions for the growth of denitrifying baeteria include a neutral pH (6-8), a favorable water-air (oxygen) ratio, and a subsurface temperature between 20 and 30°C. 

Oxidation in air at elevated temperatures form arsenic along with arsenic trioxide or arsenic pentoxide, the nature of the product depending on the arsine to oxygen ratio ... 

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