Oxygen pipelines

Oxygen pipelines, 47 754 Oxygen plasma etching, of lotus effect surfaces, 22 117, 119 Oxygen pressure, in oxidation reactions, 49 82... 

An oxygen pipeline system was established in western Europe in the Iate-1970s that is 592 miles (956 kilometers) long. The Eastern Network of this system serves 30 consumers in France, Luxembourg, and West Germany the Northern Network serves some 40 additional users in France, Belgium, and the Netherlands. 

The pressure in the oxygen pipeline need only be about 1 kg/cm and a pressure regulator must be fitted to the bottle. A number of regulators of different types are available. The most convenient type is fitted with two gauges, one to indicate the pressure in the bottle and the other to indicate the pressure in the oxygen pipeline. 

A Pressure Relief Device (not shown) is required by NFPA 86 (sect. 4-4.3.12) whenever it is possible to have an event leading to an oxygen supply pressure that is greater than the MAWP (maximum allowable working pressure) of any of the components or piping within the oxygen pipeline. The pressure relief device must be sized properly per manufacturer and industry standards. The outlet of the pressure relief device must be piped to a safe location per NFPA 86 (sect. 4-4.3.7). 

Oxygen utilization plans will be prepared. This will include applications to potable water treatment, waste water treatment, lake and river injection and the use for oxygen fired incineration. The oxygen use sites will be selected and the volumetric requirements for oxygen at each site will be estimated. The estimates will be used to establish the location of oxygen pipelines and distribution terminal points. New pipelines must be installed for the transport of oxygen. 

Liquid oxygen if there is an economically attractive oxygen pipeline nearby. 

The use of oxygen in aeration depends on whether a supply by oxygen pipeline is conveniently available. To date this has been possible solely in petrochemical plants. The oxygenation tanks are closed, the oxygen is recycled and no stripping occurs during purification,... 

AH gas-fired power plants require oxygen analy2ers to ensure that air has not been drawn into the piping system. Oxygen intake can lead to the presence of an explosive mixture in the pipeline before the fuel reaches the burner or combustor 2one. When gas-fired units are located in an enclosed area, multiple ultraviolet flame detectors are used to shut down equipment and flood the area with CO2 or a chemical fire suppressant whenever a spark or flame is detected. 

Many thousands of miles of steel pipeline have been laid under, or in contact with, the ground for the long-distance transport of oil, natural gas, etc. Obviously corrosion is a problem if the ground is at all damp, as it usually will be, and if the depth of soil is not so great that oxygen is effectively excluded. Then the oxygen reduction reaction... 

Natural gas is eonsidered non-toxie but ean produee an oxygen defieient atmosphere (p. 153). It is odourless (therefore an odorant is added for distribution by pipeline). Its physieal properties are similar to those of methane, i.e. ... 

Use oxygen instead of eompressed air or as a souree of pressure, e.g. to elear bloekages in pipelines or to power air-driven tools. 

The maximum temperature the drains and the water sinks can accept (bearing in mind thermal stresses and corrosion in discharge pipelines, and algae growth and oxygen depletion in the watercourses)... 

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