Oxygen alkali metal reactions with

Table 23-4 summarizes some reactions of the alkaline earth metals, which, except for stoichiometry, are similar to the corresponding reactions of the alkali metals. Reactions with hydrogen and oxygen were discussed in Sections 6-7 and 6-8. 

Patrick, R. and Golden, D.M. (1984) Termolecular reactions of alkali metal atoms with oxygen and hydroxyl. Int. J. Chem. Kinet., 16, 1567. 

Chemiluminescent channels have also been observed in this type of reaction [113]. Reactions of alkali metal dimers with oxygen molecules have also been reported [114-116],... 

LAPIS INFERNALIS (7761-88-8) A powerful oxidizer. Forms friction- and shock-sensitive compounds with many materials, including acetylene, anhydrous ammonia (produces compounds that are explosive when dry), 1,3-butadiyne, buten-3-yne, calcium carbide, dicopper acetylide. Contact with hydrogen peroxide causes violent decomposition to oxygen gas. Violent reaction with chlorine trifluoride, metal powders, nitrous acid, phosphonium iodide, red or yellow phosphorus, sulfur. Incompatible with acetylides, acrylonitrile, alcohols, alkalis, ammonium hydroxide, arsenic, arsenites, bromides, carbonates, carbon materials, chlorides, chlorosulfonic acid, cocaine chloride, hypophosphites, iodides, iodoform, magnesium, methyl acetylene, phosphates, phosphine, salts of antimony or iron, sodium salicylate, tannic acid, tartrates, thiocyanates. Attacks chemically active metals and some plastics, rubber, and coatings. 

Figger and co-workers [11] observed chemiluminescence in their crossed-beam experiment of alkali metal dimers with oxygen molecules. In the reactions of Cs2, Rb2, K2 and Li2, D-line emission as well as continuous chemiluminescence from the collision zone were recorded. They attributed this emission to the formation of electronically excited products from the reactions M2 + O2 MO2 + M and M2 + O2 —> MO2 + M. No emission was observed for the Na2 reactions due to their lower exothermicities. 

Common gold salts are obtained in a number of reactions from the metal [Au(CN)2] by reaction with cyanide, alkali, and oxygen AuCb by reaction with chlorine and HAuCU by reaction with aqua regia. Figure 2 is a tabulation of some representative gold chemistry. 

All the alkali metals react with water to give MOH and H2. Thus, Y must be H2. In the first reaction, X could be M2O, M2O2, or MO2. However, the second reaction has only one product. Because M2O2 and MO2 react with water to give MOH and other products, we know that X cannot be M2O2 or MO2. Thus, X must be M2O. The only alkali metal that reacts with oxygen to give M2O as the principal product is lithium, so M must be Li. The complete chemical equations are... 

Alkali metal A metal in Group 1 of the periodic table, 31 hydrogen reactions with, 542 oxygen reactions with, 543-544 reactions of, 541t, 552q water reactions with, 542... 

The effect of alkali presence on the adsorption of oxygen on metal surfaces has been extensively studied in the literature, as alkali promoters are used in catalytic reactions of technological interest where oxygen participates either directly as a reactant (e.g. ethylene epoxidation on silver) or as an intermediate (e.g. NO+CO reaction in automotive exhaust catalytic converters). A large number of model studies has addressed the oxygen interaction with alkali modified single crystal surfaces of Ag, Cu, Pt, Pd, Ni, Ru, Fe, Mo, W and Au.6... 

The principal product of the reaction of the alkali metals with oxygen varies systematically down the group (Fig. 14.15). Ionic compounds formed from cations and anions of similar radius are commonly found to he more stable than those formed from ions with markedly different radii. Such is the case here. Lithium forms mainly the oxide, Li20. Sodium, which has a larger cation, forms predominantly the very pale yellow sodium peroxide, Na202. Potassium, with an even bigger cation, forms mainly the superoxide, K02, which contains the superoxide ion, O,. ... 

The latter method, the template method, involves a reaction to produce a transition state similar to the desired product using a template. The template should have a shape similar to the space of the product. The template interacts with the substrate by forming noncovalent bonds such as coordination bonds (Fig. 3). The representative and most successful examples are found in crown ether chemistry. In the chemistry, alkali metals act as templates to create a crown-ether-like transition state with an ethylene glycol substrate by using metal-oxygen coordination bonds. 

M. Faraday was the first to observe an electrocatalytic process, in 1834, when he discovered that a new compound, ethane, is formed in the electrolysis of alkali metal acetates (this is probably the first example of electrochemical synthesis). This process was later named the Kolbe reaction, as Kolbe discovered in 1849 that this is a general phenomenon for fatty acids (except for formic acid) and their salts at higher concentrations. If these electrolytes are electrolysed with a platinum or irridium anode, oxygen evolution ceases in the potential interval between +2.1 and +2.2 V and a hydrocarbon is formed according to the equation... 

---