Oxybate

Bolla KI, McCann UD, Ricaurte GA Memory impairment in abstinent MDMA ( ecstasy ) users. Neurology 51 1532—1537, 1998 Borgen L, Lane E, Lai A Xyrem (sodium oxybate) a study of dose proportionality in healthy human subjects. J Clin Pharmacol 40 1053, 2000 Borgen LA, Okerholm R, Morrison D, et al The influence of gender and food on the pharmacokinetics of sodium oxybate oral solution in healthy subjects. J Clin Pharmacol 43 59-65, 2003... 

Sodium oxybate (yhydroxybutyrate a potent sedative-hypnotic) improves excessive daytime sleepiness and decreases episodes of sleep paralysis, cataplexy, and hypnagogic hallucinations. It is taken at bedtime and repeated 2.5 to 4 hours later. Side effects include nausea, somnolence, confusion, dizziness, and incontinence. 

Contraindications Metabolic/respiratory alkalosis, current treatment with sedative-hypnotics, succinic semialdehyde dehydrogenase deficiency, hypersensitivity to sodium oxybate or any component of fhe formulaf ion... 

Sodium oxybate is effective and indicated for the treatment of cataplexy in patients with narcolepsy it could also be effective for general anesthesia, narcolepsy, fibromyalgia syndrome, insomnia, alcoholism and opiate withdrawal, but its potential for abuse is unacceptable... 

Under diffusion-limited conditions, the vacancies can be assumed to be maintained at equilibrium at the dislocations. The dislocations act as ideal sources (Section 11.4.1) and, therefore, at the dislocations = 0. When an atom is inserted at a dislocation of type 2 acting as a sink (Fig. 13.3), the dislocation will move forward along x by the distance y/2 Ll/b. The force on it acting in that direction is axyb/y/2, and the work performed by the stress is therefore ( /2 Q/b)(oxyb/ /2) = axy 2. The boundary value for the diffusion potential >A at the cores of these dislocations is, therefore,... 

OFFICIAL NAMES Gamma butyrolactone (GBL), dihydro-2(3H)-furanone, 4-butanolide, 2(3H)-furanone dihydro, tetrahy-dro-2-furanone, butyrolactone gamma, gamma hydroxybutyric acid (GHB), 1,4 butanediol (BD tetramethylene glycol Sucol B), sodium oxybate (Xyrem)... 

GHB is a natural substance produced in small amounts in the human body. The active ingredient in GHB is a sodium salt known as sodium oxybate, which has a number of other chemical names. 

Sodium oxybate see GBL GHB Sodium oxybutyrate see GHB Soma see PCP (phencyclidine)... 

Anonymous. A randomized, double blind, placebo-controlled multicenter trial comparing the effects of three doses of orally administered sodium oxybate with placebo for the treatment of narcolepsy. Sleep 2002 25 42-49. 

Scharf MB (2001) Assessment of sodium oxybate for the long-term treatment of narcolepsy. Sleep 23 A234... 

Hornfeltdt C, Pertile T (2001) Lack of withdrawal symptoms following abrupt cessation of therapeutically administered sodium oxybate. Sleep 24 A236... 

Black J, Ristannovic R, Mamelak M, Montplaisir J (2001) Dose response effects of sodium oxybate on polysomnographic (PSG) measures in narcolepsy patients preliminary findings. Sleep 24 A321... 

Hayduk R, Mitler MM (2001) Sodium oxybate therapy improves the quality of life of narcolepsy patients. Sleep 24 A326... 

Ristannovic RA, Black J, Mamelak M, Montplaisir J (2002) Effect of increasing doses of sodium oxybate on nocturnal respiratory disturbances. Sleep 25 A473-A474... 

Sodium oxybate an endogenous neurotransmitter, recently found to alleviate cataplexy consolidates sleep and increases stage 3M sleep at night. Dose 3-9 g in two divided doses at night. 

Narcolepsy is a rare disease characterized by excessive daytime sleepiness. It has a prevalence of 0.05% in the general population and affects an estimated 140,000 people in the United States. In 2002, the FDA approved sodium oxybate (Xyrem ) for the treatment of cataplexy in patients with narcolepsy. The active ingredient in this drug is gamma hydroxybutyrate, or GHB. The development and marketing of sodium oxybate was permitted after a revision of the Date Rape Prevention Act of 2000 (see Chapter 5) that allowed GHB to be legally administered for medical purposes. 

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