Rocket propellants solid, oxidizers

A Small but important daSS of fOi mUlatiOnS comprises the Composite Solid Rocket Propellants. Composites typically contain a major amount of an oxidizer such as AP or HMX, a metal powder such as Al, a binder which is one or another type of rubber (or double-base), and up to a dozen trace ingredients such as catalysts, stabilizers, etc. There are literally hundreds of formulations, all to a degree similar and the choice comes down to specific missions, economics, and special requirements Loading of End Items. The blends and formulations described above may be loaded into their hardware in the plant where they are made, or they may be shipped to another plant for Load/... 

Combustion of powdered aluminum with steam is a potentially attractive propulsion system for torpedoes, because of the very high-energy density (energy per unit volume) that can be achieved. Since the oxidizer can be taken from the environment, on-board storage is required only for the aluminum propellant. A study of potential torpedo propellant/oxidizer combinations including Al, Zr, Mg, and Li metals, hydrocarbon fuels, and typical solid rocket propellants, and... 

Dict (1961), 8O5-L (Mentioned as powerful oxidizer suitable for both liquid and solid rocket propellants) (1971), 857-R (Tetrafluoro-... 

NANOCAT Superfine Iron Oxide(SFIO) is a novel bum-rate catalyst and performs superbly in solid rocket propellants based on ammonium perchlorate (AP). SFIO provides a higher burn rate and lower pressure exponent compared with commercial iron oxides at equal concentrations. Some characteristics of NANOCAT SFIO as a burn-rate catalyst are as follows ... 

Kirk Othmer 11 (1953), 777 stated that AN can be used as an oxidizer in rocket propellants in place of K perchlorate V)Warren (1958), p 1 lists a solid rocket propellant consisting of AN 80, elastomeric binder 18 additives 2%. He also discusses on pp 34-5 the use of AN as an oxidizer in rocket propellants W)Dr L.Deffet, Belgium listed in private communication, 10 March 1954,the following AN expls as currently manufd in Belgium Alkalite, Alsilite, Centralite TA, Cooppalite Dynamite III, Flammivore,... 

Ammonium Perchlorate. Ammonium perchlorate is a colorless, crystalline compound having a density of 1.95 g/mL and a molecular weight of 117.5. It is prepared by a double displacement reaction between sodium perchlorate and ammonium chloride, and is crystallized from water as the anhydrous salt. The perchlorates, especially those of the light metals and ammonium ion, are favored as solid oxidizers for rocket propellants. 

Aeroplex Propellants are solid rocket propellants developed and manufd by the Aerojet Engineering Corp, Azusa, Calif. They consist of a finely divided crystalline oxidizer (such as Amm or K perchlorate)dispersed in a thermosetting resin(such as styrene, methyl acrylate, etc), acting as a fuel. In addition there are binders (such as resins) and other ingredients. Aeroplex propellants differ from the usual NC or NC-NG propellants not only in physical and chemical properties, but also in their methods of manuf... 

Ammonium perchlorate forms colorless orthorhombic crystals or a white powder or granules. The crystals decompose when heated into oxygen and ammonium chloride. The salt is readily soluble in water, but relatively insoluble in most organic solvents. Ammonium perchlorate is widely used in solid rocket propellants. The salt is a strong oxidizer, and should be kept away from combustible materials and sources of possible ignition. Store ammonium perchlorate in tightly sealed bottles in a cool place, and away from sunlight. 

The objectives of the ongoing work is to explore the chemical synthesis of possible replacements for AP as an oxidizer in tactical missile rocket motors. The synthesis, sensitivities, thermal stability, binder compatibility and decomposition pathways of these new high-oxygen materials are currently being researched. In the following example, we theoretically want to evaluate, the suitability of nitrosyl (N0+) and nitronium (NCB,) oxalate as a potential ingredient for solid rocket propellants. 

In addition to solid rocket propellants, a wide class of liquid rocket fuel is also available. Liquid propellants exist as monopropellants and bipropellants. Monopropellants are liquids that burn in the absence of external oxygen. They have low energy and a specific impulse and are used in small missiles that require low thrust. Hydrazine, NH2-NH2, is the most widely used monopropellant. However, other monopropellants such as hydrogen peroxide, ethylene oxide (C2H4O), and nitromethane (CH3NO2), are also used [4]. 

Use Fertilizer, explosives especially as prills/oil mixture, pyrotechnics, herbicides and insecticides, manufacture of nitrous oxide, absorbent for nitrogen oxides, ingredient of freezing mixtures, oxidizer in solid rocket propellants, nutrient for antibiotics and yeast, catalyst. 

Use Pyrotechnics, explosives, matches, specialty fertilizer, reagent, to modify burning properties of tobacco, glass manufacture, tempering steel, curing foods, oxidizer in solid rocket propellants. 

Use Oxidizing agent solid rocket propellants fertilizer flux glass manufacture pyrotechnics reagent refrigerant matches dynamites black powders manufacture of sodium salts and nitrates dyes pharmaceuticals an aphrodisiac color fixative and preservative in cured meats, fish, etc. enamel for pottery modifying burning properties of tobacco. 

Potassium perchlorate, KCIO4, is a better oxidizing agent than the potassium chlorate, KCIO3, described in the previous problem. Potassium perchlorate, which is used in explosives, fireworks, flares, and solid rocket propellants, is made by carefully heating potassium chlorate to between 400 °C and 500 °C. The unbalanced equation for this reaction is... 

Detonation of NH4NO3 may be initiated by another explosion, and ammonium perchlorate is similarly metastable with respect to oxidation of the [NH4] cation by the anion NH4CIO4 is used in solid rocket propellants, e.g. in the booster rockets of the space shuttle. 

Uses Fertilizer explosives pyrotechnics herbicides/insecticides mfg. of nitrous oxide absorbent for nitrogen oxides ingred. of freezing mixtures oxidizing agent in solid rocket propellants nutrient for antibiotics and yeast catalyst in paper/paperboard in contact with dry food... 

Uses Oxidizing agent solid rocket propellant in lithium-nickel sulfide dry batteries Manuf./Distrib. Chemetall Chem. Prods. http //www.chemetall.com] GFS http //www.gfschemicals.com] Spectrum Quality Prods. 

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