Oxides phosphide

TABLE 3.7. Bond-Valence Parameters for Some Halides, Nitrides, Oxides, Phosphides, and Sulfides... 

Although carbides and nitrides as a group form the most refractory compounds, they are certainly not the only ones. Several borides, oxides, phosphides, silicides, and metals meet the refractory requirements mentioned above. To some degree, these materials complement the refractory carbides and nitrides and may be considered as competitors. 

Volume III Halides, Hydroxides, Oxides. (1997) ISBN 0-9622097-2-4 (descriptions of 628 mineral species, including antimonates, antimonites, arsenites, carbides, halides, hydroxides, nitrides, oxides, phosphides, silicides, vanadium oxysalts). 

Indium also combines with nonmetaUic elements and with metalloids such as N, P, Sb, As, Te, and Se. Many of the latter compounds ate semiconducting as ate the oxide and sulfide. Indium antimonide [1312-41 -0], InSb indium arsenide [1303-11-3], In As and indium phosphide [22398-80-7], InP, ate the principal semiconducting compounds. These ate all prepared by direct combination of the highly purified elements at elevated temperature under controlled conditions. 

Phosphoms shows a range of oxidation states from —3 to +5 by virtue of its electronic configuration. Elemental P is oxidized easily by nonmetals such as oxygen, sulfur, and halides to form compounds such as 2 5 2 5 reduced upon reaction with metals to generate phosphides. The... 

Copper and tin phosphides are used as deoxidants in the production of the respective metals, to increase the tensile strength and corrosion resistance in phosphor bronze [12767-50-9] and as components of brazing solders (see Solders and brazing alloys). Phosphor bronze is an alloy of copper and 1.25—11 wt % tin. As tin may be completely oxidized in a copper alloy in the form of stannic oxide, 0.03—0.35 wt % phosphoms is added to deoxidize the alloy. Phosphor copper [12643-19-5] is prepared by the addition of phosphoms to molten copper. Phosphor tin [66579-64-4] 2.5—3 wt % P, is made for the deoxidation of bronzes and German silver. 

If tin and sulfur are heated, a vigorous reaction takes place with the formation of tin sulfides. At 100—400°C, hydrogen sulfide reacts with tin, forming stannous sulfide however, at ordinary temperatures no reaction occurs. Stannous sulfide also forms from the reaction of tin with an aqueous solution of sulfur dioxide. Molten tin reacts with phosphoms, forming a phosphide. Aqueous solutions of the hydroxides and carbonates of sodium and potassium, especially when warm, attack tin. Stannates are produced by the action of strong sodium hydroxide and potassium hydroxide solutions on tin. Oxidizing agents, eg, sodium or potassium nitrate or nitrite, are used to prevent the formation of stannites and to promote the reactions. 

Zmc Corporation of South Africa Ltd. (Zmcor), 199-200 Zmc oxide, 139 Zmc phosphide, 139... 

In contact with dichlorine oxide, calcium phosphide heats up, causing explosive decomposition of the chlorinated compound. 

Research has shown that when polychlorpinen, ammonium nitrate, and superphosphate are present together in the soil, phosgene, carbon monoxide, nitric oxide, hydrochloric acid, ammonia, hydrocyanic anions, ozone, hydrogen fluoride and phosphide, etc. could appear in the air over the beet fields. Photooxidants could also appear. Airborne toxic compounds over this crop were noted in areas after precipitation with little wind, and with an air temperature of over 2CP . The combined and complex activity of pesticides and other chemical compounds led people who manually sowed beets to develop symptoms of poisoning. [21]... 

The extension of this approach to artificial leaves based on titanates, niobates, tantalates, metal nitrides and phosphides, metal sulfides, and other transition metal oxides appears possible and useful in order to enhance the photocatalytic efficiency. In addition, the construction of multicomponent systems such as Ti02-CdS or MoS2-CdSe for overall water splitting could also lead to further improvements. This... 

Rapid passage of gas into a cone, nitrate solution caused an explosion, or ignition of a slower gas stream. The explosion may have been caused by rapid oxidation of the precipitated silver phosphide derivative by the co-produced nitric acid or dinitrogen tetraoxide. 

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