Oxidative stress aging

M. Dizdaroglu, P. Jamga, and H. Rodriguez, Crit. Rev. Oxidative Stress Aging, 2003, 1, 165. 

In the past few years, unprecedented progress has been made in the recognition and understanding of the role and structure, and reaction mechanisms of suKhr-centered radicals. Relevant examples include radical processes connected with repairing and protective mechanisms, oxidative stress, aging, and various diseases. 

Melov S. (2002) Animal models of oxidative stress, aging, and therapeutic antioxidant interventions. Int J Biochem Cell Biol. 34(11) 1395 00. 

Shukitt-Hale, B., Galli, R., Meterko, V et al. (2005). Dietary supplementation with finit polyphenohcs amehorates age-related deficits in behavior and neuronal markers of inflammation and oxidative stress. Age, 27,49 57. 

I. Tomita and co-workers, iu R. G. Cuder and co-workers, eds.. Oxidative Stress and Aging, Birkhauser Vedag, Basel, Swit2edand, pp. 355—365, 1995. 

Beatty, S. et al.. The role of oxidative stress in the pathogenesis of age-related macular degeneration, Surv. Ophthalmol, 45, 115, 2000. 

Collier et al. (1990) extended their studies relating to oxidative stress and diabetes by demonstrating that the levels of several free-radical scavengers (red cell superoxide dismutase, plasma thiols) were significantly reduced in 22 type 2 diabetic patients (mean age 53 years) in comparison with 15 control subjects (mean age 51 years). No significant diflFerences in red cell lysate thiols or... 

In a recent study, serum ascorbate concentrations were significantly reduced in a group of elderly diabetic patients (w = 40, mean age 69 years) in comparison with an age-matched group of non-diabetic controls ( = 22, mean age 71 years), and this reduction was more pronounced in those patients with microangiopathy (Sinclair et al., 1991). Diabetic patients were shown to have a high serum dehydroascorbate/ascorbate ratio indicative of increased oxidative stress. Ascorbate deficiency was partially corrected by vitamin C supplementation, 1 g daily by mouth, but the obvious disturbance in ascorbate metabolism in the diabetic patients was accentuated, since serum ascorbate concentrations fell (after the initial rise) despite continued vitamin C supplementation (Fig. 12.3). 

J. Termini, Critical Reviews of Oxidative Stress and Aging 2003,1, 39. 

PD affects approximately one million Americans (1% of people over 60 years of age). The average age of onset is 60 years of age, and PD is fairly uncommon in those under age 40. The etiology of PD is unknown, but genetic predisposition, environmental factors, or combinations of these have been proposed to explain why nerve cells in the substantia nigra deteriorate. About 15% of patients with PD have a first-degree relative with the disease. The pathogenesis of cell death (neuron degeneration) may be due to oxidative stress, mitochondrial... 

Increased age and smoking are associated with an increased oxidative stress and depletion of low-molecular weight antioxidants in many tissues including the retina (Beatty et al., 2000). Epidemiological studies indicate that on average, smokers develop late stage AMD 10 years earlier than nonsmokers (Kelly et al., 2004 Klein et al., 1998 Mitchell et al., 2002 Thornton et al., 2005 Tomany et al., 2004). 

An inevitable consequence of ageing is an increase of iron in specific brain regions that may be contributory to a generalized increased oxidative stress. Cell type also appears to be important neurons alone are highly sensitive to oxidative stress, although if cultured in the presence of astrocytes or microglia they remain viable after exposure to ROS or RNS (Tanaka et ah, 1999). It has also been shown that soluble and insoluble factors secreted by the astrocytes protect the neurons against ROS and RNS. 

Joseph J, Shukitt-Hale B, Casadesus G and Fisher D. 2005. Oxidative stress and inflammation in brain aging nutritional considerations. Neurochem Res 30 927—935. 

In conclusion, it should be mentioned that there are numerous proposals for the application of various food products having antioxidant activity for the protection against various free radical-mediated pathologies. For example, it has been suggested that nutritional interventions such as increasing dietary intake of fruits and vegetables can decrease the age-related declines in brain functions probably via the suppression of oxidative stress [368],... 

Cutler, R. G., Kelly, J., Storie, K. et al. Involvement of oxidative stress-induced abnormalities in ceramide and cholesterol metabolism in brain aging and Alzheimer s disease. Proc. Natl Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 101 2070-2075,2004. 

---