Oxidative damage, benefits

What can be accomplished by protein turnover One benefit is the removal of proteins that have sustained spontaneous hydrolytic damage or oxidative damage. Another benefit is that protein turnover makes possible the control of enzyme levels by means of genetic regulation. In a condition where an increase in the acbvity of a parbcular enzyme is needed, the rale of transcripbon of the mRNA coding for the enzyme can be increased. This increase results in an increase in translation, that is, the synthesis of the protein s polypeptide chain. In a condition... 

Concerning interactions with other chemicals, there is an ongoing debate about the value of fish in the diet versus the risk from increased exposure to methylmercury that may be in the fish. One recent study reported a beneficial effect from increased fish consumption even though mercury body burdens were increased to some extent (Davidson et al. 1998). One possible factor in the fish that could improve health is omega 3-fatty acid. Children and adults both benefit from a healthy diet, but there may more emphasis on the benefits to growing children. Other interactions for mercury include the effect of various substances on its gastrointestinal absorption (e.g., iron, zinc) or possibly protective effects from prevention or repair of mercury related oxidative damage (e.g., interactions with selenium as an antioxidant). No information was identified that specifically addresses differences in these interactions for children compared to adults. 

Estrogen is thought to be involved in promoting neuronal growth, and in preventing oxidative damage, which would benefit cells exposed to /3AP. Estrogen receptors are present in the brain, and are... 

The antioxidant theory is supported by results which show that some typical diseases of the elderly (Alzheimer s disease, cancer, diabetes, cardiovascular disorders) are often accompanied by the appearance of some markers of oxidative damage. However, the causal relationship is still unclear, so there is no way to tell cause from effect. The next paragraphs will surmnarize the main proven and assumed benefits of exogenous antioxidant intake. 

Studies on the triterpenoid centellosides demonstrated its strong antioxidant properties and can prevent oxidative damage which leads to promoting health benefits. 

Nutraceuticals are nonspecific biological therapies used to promote wellness, prevent malignant processes, and control symptoms. It is a broad umbrella term used to describe any product derived from food soiuces that provides extra health benefits in addition to the basic nutritional value foimd in foods. The definition of nutraceuticals and related products often depends on the soiuce. Phytochemicals and antioxidants are two specific types of nutraceuticals. It has been proved that phytochemicals found in foods may help to provide protection from diseases such as cancer, diabetes, heart disease, and hypertension, for example, carotenoids found in carrots. Antioxidants may be helpful in avoiding chronic diseases, by preventing oxidative damage in body [8]. There are multiple different types of products that come imder the category of nutraceuticals ... 

Assisted ventilation may be of some benefit because pulmonary compliance Is usually compromised. Oxygen is contraindicated because it may exacerbate oxidative damage to the lung. 

Hepatic reperfusion injury is not a phenomenon connected solely to liver transplantation but also to situations of prolonged hypoperfusion of the host s own liver. Examples of this occurrence are hypovolemic shock and acute cardiovascular injur) (heart attack). As a result of such cessation and then reintroduction of blood flow, the liver is damaged such that centrilobular necrosis occurs and elevated levels of liver enzymes in the serum can be detected. Particularly because of the involvement of other organs, the interpretation of the role of free radicals in ischaemic hepatitis from this clinical data is very difficult. The involvement of free radicals in the overall phenomenon of hypovolemic shock has been discussed recently by Redl et al. (1993). More specifically. Poll (1993) has reported preliminary data on markers of free-radical production during ischaemic hepatitis. These markers mostly concerned indices of lipid peroxidation in the serum and also in the erythrocytes of affected subjects, and a correlation was seen with the extent of liver injury. The mechanisms of free-radical damage in this model will be difficult to determine in the clinical setting, but the similarity to the situation with transplanted liver surest that the above discussion of the role of XO activation, Kupffer cell activation and induction of an acute inflammatory response would be also relevant here. It will be important to establish whether oxidative stress is important in the pathogenesis of ischaemic hepatitis and in the problems of liver transplantation discussed above, since it would surest that antioxidant therapy could be of real benefit. 

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