Sulfones, oxidation

The aromatic rings of kraft lignins can be sulfonated to varying degrees with sodium sulfite at high temperatures (150—200°C) or sulfomethylated with formaldehyde and sulfite at low temperatures (<100° C). Oxidative sulfonation with oxygen and sulfite is also possible. 

Organophilic polyphenolic materials for oil-based drilling fluids have been described [407], The additives are prepared from a polyphenolic material and one or more phosphatides. The phosphatides are phosphoglycerides obtained from vegetable oils, preferably commercial lecithin. Humic acids, ligno-sulfonic acid, lignins, phenolic condensates, tannins the oxidized, sulfonated, or sulfomethylated derivatives of these polyphenolic materials may serve as polyphenolic materials. 

These polymers show lower water uptake than the analogous sulfonated poly(arylene ether sulfone) materials, possibly suggesting some interaction between the aromatic nitrile and sulfonic acid. The phosphine oxide functional moiety could also be used as a compatibilizer with other materials. Sulfonated poly(arylene ether phosphine oxide sulfone) terpoly-mers have been prepared both with sulfonated triphenyl phosphine oxide and with triphenyl phosphine oxide with 3,3 -disulfonate-4,4 —dichlorodiphenyl sulfone as the sulfonic acid bearing monomer. Block copolymers containing phosphine oxide appear to avoid the ether—ether interchange that results when non—phosphine oxide blocks are utilized, and this is being further pursued. ... 

The Tgs and in some cases, the Tms of several poly(arylene ether-1,3,4-oxadiazolejs are reported in Table 12. The last five polymers in Table 12 display the same Tg trend as seen for other polymers, namely phenylphosphine oxide > sulfone > carbonyl > terephthaloyl > isophthaloyl. The terephthaloyl polymer could be heated above the Tm, and subsequently quenched to the amorphous form, and then annealed at 330 °C to induce crystallinity. Once the Tms of the carbonyl and isophthaloyl polymers were exceeded, crystallinity could not be reintroduced by annealing at 300 to 330 °C for several hours. The Tg and Tm of the isophthaloyl polymer are abnormally close. 

S-oxidation. Aromatic and aliphatic sulfides, thioethers, thiols, thioamides, and thiocarba-mates may undergo oxidation to form sulfoxides and then, after further oxidation, sulfones (Fig. 4.23). 

In the first step a rubbery polymer latex is prepared by emulsion polymerization of styrene and butadiene, the styrene being in an amount of 25%. Divinylbenzene is added as crosslinking agent in an amount of 1%. Diphenyl oxide sulfonate is used as emulsifier in aqueous solution and sodium formaldehyde sulfoxylate acts as a buffer in order to reach a pH of 4. As radical initiator, cumene hydroperoxide is used and the polymerization is conducted 70°C for 9 h. The end of the reaction period is detected as no further pressure drop is observed due to the consumption of butadiene. 

Aerosol OS Alkyl naphthalane oxide sulfonate Cytec... 

Bitumen asphaltenes undergo a variety of simple chemical conversions. For example, asphaltenes can be oxidized, sulfonated, sulfomethylated, halogenated, and phosphoryl-ated. The net result is the introduction of functional entities into the asphaltene structure which confer interesting properties on the products for which a variety of uses are proposed. 

Materials. Styrene and butadiene monomers were polymerization grade, available from Dow Chemical Company. Acrylic acid was a technical grade monomer from Dow Badische. The polymeriza-tion surfactant was sodium dodecyldiphenyl oxide sulfonate available from Dow. The polymerization initiator was sodium persulfate, and bromoform and carbon tetrachloride the chain transfer agents. 

Tribofilm composition Calcium and zinc borophosphates with oxides, sulfonates and nitrates Zinc polyphosphates... 

Oster R, Krmgstad KP, Hirose S, Flatakeyama FI (1988) Oxidative sulfonation of kraft lignin Nord Pulp Pap Res J 3 68-74... 

In esterification, oxidation, sulfonation, and sulfation reactions, products are obtained with very high regioselectivity for both acetals and ethers, but alkylation reactions are less regioselective, as shown by numerous examples in Table IV. 

Oxidative sulfonation of lO-dialkylaminoalkylphenothiazine-5, 5-dioxides, leading to the corresponding 3-hydroxy-7-sulfonic acids, has been reported (cf. the analogous oxidative nitration. Section V,A,2,c). 

Polyether NS 100 (ultrathin) Polyphenylene oxide sulfone General Electric 1500 84 77 0.1 54C... 

Use Polymerization, oxidation, sulfonation catalyst, bleaching, deodorizing. 

Such ionic clusters have been studied in ionomers such as Naflon poly(perfluoropropylene oxide sulfonic acid) membranes clusters in ionomers have been reviewed recently by Mauritz and Hopfinger ( 7). These reviewers also quote a model for hydrated Naflon proposed by T. D. Gierke at the October, 1977, meeting of the Electrochemical Society, Atlanta, Georgia, in which aqueous spher-... 

Fig. 11 a Polymer composites consisting of polystyrene-fr/ocA -poly(4-vinylpyridine) (PS-b-PVP) and oligo(ethylene oxide)sulfonic acid. These composites can complex with LiCl04, exhibiting high lithium ion conductivity, b PS-b-PVP polymers mixed with alkylphenol and toluenesulfonic acid, instead of oligo (ethylene oxide) sulfonic acid, exhibit proton conductivity... 

Supramolecular approaches [5,7,20-22] are also effective for ion conduction in polymers. Ikkala and ten Brinke prepared the complex of polystyrene-frZock-poly(4-vinylpyridine) (PS-fr-PVP) and oligo(ethylene oxide)sulfonic acid 11 [71,72]. The polymer self-assembles into lamellar nanostructures consisting of glassy hydrophobic polystyrene and hydrophilic PEO layers, as shown in Fig. 11. When LiCl04 is dissolved in the polymer composites, lithium ions are complexed and transported in the hydrophilic PEO layers, resulting in high ionic conductivities on the order of 10-6 S cm-1 at ambient temperature. 

Thiatriazines 1 and 1,3,4,5-thiatriazines 2 are not naturally occurring compounds. The compounds, originally 3 regarded as 2,4,5-trisubstituted 2//-l,2,3,6-thiatriazines 1 were subjected to 13C NMR spectroscopy and crystallographic scrutiny4,5 and shown to possess the structure of symmetrically 2,6-disubstituted 1,3,4,5-thiatriazines 2. In 1980. the first example of a 1,3,4,5-thiatriazine was reported in the oxidized sulfone form 3, formed by the reaction of 2,3-diphenylthiirene 1,1-dioxide with azide ion6 in very low yield. 

The presence of sulfur and adjacent oxygen in the seven-membered ring, 1,2-oxathiepine, makes these compounds unstable therefore, most of the known ring systems possessing this moiety are obtained in the form of the 5-oxide (sulfonate) or 5,5-dioxide (sulfonate). 

OOWan Wang, S., Wang, J. L., Ji, Q., Shultz, A. R., Ward, T. C., McGrath, J. E. Miscibility and morphologies of poly(arylene ether phenyl phosphine oxide/sulfone) copolymerAinyl ester resin mixtures and their cured networks. J. Polym. Sci. B - Polym. Phys. 38 (2000) 2409-2421. 

PEG cocamine PEG-9 laurate PEG-2 oleamine PEG stearamine Phenol-formaldehyde sulfonate PPG-3-myreth-3 Sodium caprylyl sulfonate Sodium C4-12 olefin/maleic acid copolymer Sodium oleic sulfate Sodium polynaphthalene sulfonate Stearamine oxide Sulfonic acid Tetramethyl decynediol Tetrasodium pyrophosphate Triethanolamine dispersant, dyes acetate... 

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