Self assembly, of polymers and

Self-Assembly of Polymers and Nanoparticles on Patterned Surfaces... 

Xu H, Hong R, Lu TX, Uzun O, Rotello VM. Recognition-directed orthogonal self-assembly of polymers and nanoparticles on patterned surfaces. J Am Chem Soc 2006 128 3162-3163. 

Hybrid honeycomb polymer films can be elaborated through either a simultaneous self-assembly of polymer and nanoparticles or by the in situ formation of hybrid particles from precursor or by using HC film as a template. 

Another attractive supramolecular approach is the self-assembly of polymers and chromophores by H-bonding. This non-covalent and directional bonding offers high versatility for the preparation of functional smart... 

Hajdu I, Bodnar M, Filipcsei G et al (2009) Nanoparticles prepared by self-assembly of chitosan and poly-y-glutamic acid. Colloid Polym Sci 286 343-350... 

Calvert, R Ghaemi, M. 2001. Inkjet printing and ionic self-assembly of polymers. Abstracts of Papers of the American Chemical Society 221 U372-U372. 

X. Kong and S.A. Jenekhe, Block copolymers containing conjugated polymer and polypeptide sequences synthesis and self-assembly of electroactive and photoactive nanostructures, Macromolecules, 37 8180-8183, 2004. 

Figure 12.9 Mechanism of self-assembly of spherical and cylindrical supra-molecules from polymer backbones jacketed with quasi-equivalent dendritic coats [31]...

Dalphond J, Bazzi H, Kahrim K, Sleiman H. Synthesis and self-assembly of polymers containing dicarboximide groups by living ring-opening metathesis polymerization. Macromol Chem Phys 2002 203 1988-1994. 

Self-assembly of polymers in the bulk Polymer micelles, polymero-somes, gelled macromole-cules, nano-tubes, protein fibres/tapes produced by aggregation at low pH, controlled release vehicles, smart delivery systems 50-500 nm Forster and Konrad, 2003 Sanguansri and Augustin, 2006 Dickinson 2006a Graveland-Bikker and de Kruif, 2006 van der Linden, 2006... 

On a side note, Ouskova and co-workers also reported that the composite of magnetic /i-FejOs nanorods in 5CB showed lower threshold voltages than pure 5CB, and that the sensitivity of the nematic liquid crystal to external magnetic fields was increased in the presence of such magnetic nanorods [451]. Finally, several groups interested in the macroscopic organization and orientation of nanorods also reported on the formation of a lyotropic liquid crystal phase induced by the self-assembly of polymer-coated semiconductor nanorods [453—457], which might be used to improve the device performance, for example, of solar cells. 

In the second approach to self-assembly of polymer-silica nanocomposites, polymerizable surfactants are employed both to direct self-assembly into ordered mesophases and to serve as organic monomers which can be subsequently polymerized. For instance, Brinker et al. developed nonionic surfactants incorporating diacy-telene groups which could be polymerized upon irradiation by UV light.68 69 Similarly, poly(thiophene)70 and poly(pyrrole)71 have been successfully integrated into silica nanostructures in this manner. Importantly, this in situ polymerization produces isolated molecular wires, rather than clustered bundles of conductive polymer.70... 

The hydrogen-bond mediated self-assembly of nanoparticles and polymers provides a versatile and effective method to control interparticle distances, assembly shapes, sizes, and anisotropic ordering of the resultant nanocomposites. This approach presents the bottom-up strategy to fabricate nanomaterials from molecular building blocks, which have great potential for assembling and integrating nanoscale materials and particles into advanced structures, systems, and devices. 

With the exception of the last example we have mainly dealt with supramolecular assemblies and structures of polymers which are formed by dispersion interaction forces so far. Self-assembly of polymers by more specific interactions, which justifies the denotation as supramolecular complexes is still limited in number and mostly poorly defined. 

Over the past 10 years, research into water-soluble ferrocene-based polymers and polyelectrolytes has increased.168-175 Vancso and co-workers have reported the preparation and self-assembly of anionic and cationic polyelectrolytes.171,172 Polyanionic, 89, and polycationic, 90, ferrocene-based electrolytes are two examples of such polyelectrolytes.170... 

Supramolecular noncovalent interactions [13], such as metal coordination, hydrogen bonding, hydrophobic forces, van der Waals forces, pi-pi interactions, and electrostatic interactions, are very appealing for the self-assembly of molecules, and they could be used to create nanostractured materials. Metal coordination, for instance in metal organic frameworks (MOFs) [14] or coordination polymers [15], has been applied to construct nanoporous supramolecular networks. 

The self-assembly of polymer chains in aqueous solution can also take place due to a micellization process. Amphiphilic block copolymers (e.g., diblock or triblock copolymers) can self-assemble in aqueous solution and further be cross-linked... 

Figure 29 Schematic illustration of the approach combining (1) peptide-directed self-assembly of polymer-peptide conjugates and (2) polymerization of positioned diacetylene moieties. Peptide-polymer conjugates (top, a) first organize into supramolecular assemblies (top, b), which exhibit a distinct superhelical structure (bottom) this can be converted into conjugated polymers (red) under retention of their previously assembled structure (top, c). Reprinted with permission from Frauenrath, H. Jahnke, E. Chem. Eur. J. 2008, 14, 2942. Copyright 2007, Wiley-VCH.

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