Oxidant stress

I. Tomita and co-workers, iu R. G. Cuder and co-workers, eds.. Oxidative Stress and Aging, Birkhauser Vedag, Basel, Swit2edand, pp. 355—365, 1995. 

Loikkanen, J., Naarala, J., and Savolainen, K. M. (1998). Modification of glutamate-induced oxidative stress by lead The role of extracellular calcium. Free Rad. Biol. Med., 24, 377-384,... 

Savolainen, K. M., L,oikkanen, J., Eerikainen, S., and Naarala, J. (1998). Interactions of excita-rury neurotransmitrers and xenobiorics in excitoroxiciry and oxidative stress Gliiraroare and lead. Toxicol. Lett. 102-103, 363-367. 

Cotton, B., Allshire, A., Cobbold, P. H., Muller, T., and Campbell, A. K. (1989). Pholasin a novel bioluminescent probe for monitoring oxidative stress in single cardiomyocytes. Biochem. Soc. Trans. 17 705-706. 

P450 Mono-oxygenase System Reactive Oxygene Species Oxidative Stress Vitamin C Vitamin E... 

Nifurtimox, a nitrofuran, is a prodrug that is reduced to unstable nitroanion radicals, which react to produce highly toxic oxygen metabolites, such as superoxide and peroxide. Oxidative stress subsequently kills the parasite, which seems to lack effective enzymatic pathways to detoxify oxygen metabolites. 

Oxidative stress has received much attention as a potentially pathogenic factor. It may promote COPD by many factors such as induction of pro-inflammatory genes in many cells including epithelial and endothelial... 

Reactive Oxygen Species Antioxidants Oxidative Stress... 

It has been proposed that the development of the complications of diabetes mellitus may be linked to oxidative stress and therefore might be attenuated by antioxidants such as vitamin E. Furthermore, it is discussed that glucose-induced vascular dysfunction in diabetes can be reduced by vitamin E treatment due to the inactivation of PKC. Cardiovascular complications are among the leading causes of death in diabetics. In addition, a postulated protective effect of vitamin E (antioxidants) on fasting plasma glucose in type 2 diabetic patients is also mentioned but could not be confirmed in a recently published triple-blind, placebo-controlled clinical trial [3]. To our knowledge, up to now no clinical intervention trials have tested directly whether vitamin E can ameliorate the complication of diabetes. 

As the above mentioned studies with high supplementation dosages exemplarily show, there is no known toxicity for phylloquinone (vitamin Kl), although allergic reactions are possible. This is NOT true for menadione (vitamin K3) that can interfere with glutathione, a natural antioxidant, resulting in oxidative stress and cell membrane damage. Injections of menadione in infants led to jaundice and hemolytic anemia and therefore should not be used for the treatment of vitamin K deficiency. 

When considering the role of phosphorylation in the regulation of the HS response, it is indeed curious that oxidative stress and heat induce a protein tyrosine phosphatase at the transcriptional level (Keyse and Emslie, 1992). Whether this phosphatase has any role in the regulation of HSF phosphorylation is not known, but it does indicate that both transcriptional and translational regulation of signaling... 

Christman, M.F., Morgan,R.W., Jacobson, F.S., Ames, B. (1985). Positive control of a regulon for defenses against oxidative stress and some heat shock proteins in Salmonella typhimurium. Cell 41, 753-762. 

Keyse, S.M. Emslie, E.A. (1992). Oxidative stress and heat shock induce a human gene encoding a protein-tyrosine phosphatase. Nature 359, 644-647. 

Salo, D.C., Donovan, C.M., Davies, K.J, (1991). Hsp70 and other possible heat shock or oxidative stress proteins are induced in skeletal muscle, heart, and liver during exercise. Free Radic. Biol. Med 11,239-246. 

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