Overt Cultures

Many times, senior managers fail to acknowledge the existence of the covert, informal, and hidden cultures. They incorrectly hold the belief that the established overt, formal, or open culture drives organizational success and productivity. They also fail to acknowledge the tremendous influence 

Positive perception of teamwork Safe behaviors exist as the norm Job satisfaction 

Perception of senior management effectiveness Recognizing the reality of job-related stress Adequacy of supervision, education, and training Opportunities for effective organizational learning Nonpunitive response to error by leaders 

When changes in work sites, processes, materials, and equipment occur, hazard can emerge. During any change process, hazard surveillance and self-inspections must become frequent. 

Organizations should develop an enhanced hazard review process when undertaking major changes in processes, systems, or operations. Maintain sound coordination and conununication systans among all parties involved in the change process. 

Never use orientation sessions to conduct performance-based safety training or education 

Conduct safety orientation topics during the morning 

Require supervisors to conduct and document job-related training 

Centralize all respirator flt testing activities to ensure proper training 

Do not insist on a sign-in for training (documentation becomes more important than 

---

Overt culture— The formal, expected, published, visible, or anticipated culture of an organization. Overt threat—A terrorist act that is done out in the open without regard to possible discovery. Oxidant—An oxygen-containing substance that reacts chemically to produce a new substance. Oxidation—Reaction in which electrons are transferred from one atom to another either in the uncombined state or within a molecule. 

Overt culture The formal, expected, published, visible, or anticipated culture of an organization. 

Cultural bias. The concept that assessment is biased, either overtly or covertly, by the cultural values and language in which it is developed. 

In this chapter we review the defects of respiratory function and DNA mutations in the mitochondrial genome and nuclear DNA underlying mitochondrial diseases and discuss the roles that oxidative stress, oxidative damage, and apoptosis may play in the pathogenesis of this group of overt metabolic disorders. The cell cultures and animal models for studies of mitochondrial diseases and potential therapies are also discussed. 

Mice that lack caspase-1, -11, or -12 do not have a significant decrease in viability and have no overt consequence on their development [57-59,69,72]. In contrast, caspase-3 and/or -9 ablation results in retarded developmental apoptosis and has a tremendous impact on animals viability and phenotype [61, 67]. Similarly, caspase-8 knockout mice die in utero and are characterized by impaired formation of cardiac muscle and marked abdominal congestion with reduction of the number of hematopoietic precursors [65], The size of the heart was reported to be almost normal, but the developing ventricular musculature was thin and sometimes similar to early mesenchyme. The trabeculae were thin and disorganized. Cultured fibroblasts from caspase-8 mice were resistant to death receptor-mediated apoptosis. These findings indicate that caspase-8 plays an important role in death induction by several receptors of Fas/TNF/NGF family. Similarly, Sakamaki et al. [66] described that protease-deficient caspase-8 mutant mice died in utero due to heart rupture which they believe was due to cardiomyocyte apoptosis. 

Hurley and her collaborators have studied the perosis (faulty tendons) induced by both Mn and Zn deficiencies (17-19). Previous workers have described skeletal abnormalities in chicks and rats including disproportionate growth of skeleton, bone rarefaction and chondrodystrophy, as overt manifestation of zinc deficiency (20,21). Hurley e t al., were able to demonstrate that the metabolic lesion produced by Mn was quite different from that produced by the absence of Zn. In the case of Mn there was no alteration in the mineralization processes measured by the dynamics of radiocalcium movement. The influence of trace elements on in vitro tissue cultures of chick osteoblasts has been reported (22). Among the elements required were Fe, Cu, Zn and Mn. 

In cases that do not resolve or become worse, in the absence of overt signs of orbital involvement, laboratory evaluation should include a complete blood coimt with differential as well as blood cultures. Cultmes often show positive growth in children under the age of 4 years (usually streptococci) but are rarely positive in older children or adults. In patients with skin lesions, specimens should be obtained for culture onto blood, chocolate, and... 

Thus preliminary studies show that while there was no overt evidence of activity by the platinum polyamlnes on the cell cultures (CPE) at the eiqiloyed polymer concentrations, there was biological activity In that the polymers were Inhibiting or stimulating viral replication. 

Sixth, as well as suggesting sleep, the hypnotist often further indicates that this sleep is not quite the same as real sleep because you will still hear him. The hypnotist may not need to suggest this overtly everyone in our culture knows enough about hypnosis to realize that the subject can still hear the hypnotist. This is a specific patterning force. The suggestions telling you that what is happening is like sleep primarily serve to disrupt... 

Predictable transition-phase properties are critical, particularly in simple consolidation and during the initial stages of complex consolidation. Exothermal reactions, swelling, and shrinking are common physical occurrences during the polymerization process. Permanent hidden and overt alterations that can occur during the set time may further diminish the cultural significance of an artifact. 

Here Freud asserts that the cultural climate in which people live determines the overt symbolic form of the neuroses they develop but he stops short of entertaining the possibility that they also determine which persons assume dominant roles as persecutors, and which are cast into submissive roles as victims. He thus shuts... 

---