Ovary secondary

Turner s Syndrome. Turner s syndrome is a genetic disorder of females characterized by short stature, nonfunctioning ovaries, and failure to develop secondary sexual characteristics. Several clinical trials in the United States, Europe, and Japan have demonstrated that hGH can accelerate... 

Chromium has proved effective in counteracting the deleterious effects of cadmium in rats and of vanadium in chickens. High mortality rates and testicular atrophy occurred in rats subjected to an intraperitoneal injection of cadmium salts however, pretreatment with chromium ameliorated these effects (Stacey et al. 1983). The Cr-Cd relationship is not simple. In some cases, cadmium is known to suppress adverse effects induced in Chinese hamster (Cricetus spp.) ovary cells by Cr (Shimada et al. 1998). In southwestern Sweden, there was an 80% decline in chromium burdens in liver of the moose (Alces alces) between 1982 and 1992 from 0.21 to 0.07 mg Cr/kg FW (Frank et al. 1994). During this same period in this locale, moose experienced an unknown disease caused by a secondary copper deficiency due to elevated molybdenum levels as well as chromium deficiency and trace element imbalance (Frank et al. 1994). In chickens (Gallus sp.), 10 mg/kg of dietary chromium counteracted adverse effects on albumin metabolism and egg shell quality induced by 10 mg/kg of vanadium salts (Jensen and Maurice 1980). Additional research on the beneficial aspects of chromium in living resources appears warranted, especially where the organism is subjected to complex mixtures containing chromium and other potentially toxic heavy metals. 

Estradiol is the most important of the estrogens. Like progesterone, it is synthesized by the ovaries and, during pregnancy, by the placenta as well. Estradiol controls the menstrual cycle, it promotes proliferation of the uterine mucosa, and is also responsible for the development of the female secondary sexual characteristics (breast, fat distribution, etc.). 

Estradiol is the major secretory product of ovary. Estrogens are required for normal maturation of the female. They stimulate the development of secondary sexual characters e.g. stimulate stromal development, ductal growth in the breast, growth of axillary and pubic hair and alter the distribution of body fat to produce typical female body contours. 

Steroids are a class of lipids that have in common a system of four linked carbon rings. Cholesterol, shown in Figure 13.14, is the most abundant steroid by far, and it serves as the starting material for the biosynthesis of most all other steroids, including the sex hormones estradiol and testosterone, also shown in Figure 13.14. Hormones are chemicals produced by one part of the body to influence other parts of the body. For example, estradiol, produced by the ovaries, and testosterone, produced by the testes, are responsible for the development of secondary sex characteristics in other parts of the body. Cholesterol is... 

Estrogens (ovary) Steroids (estradiol, estrone) Maturation and function of secondary sex j organs... 

In a study of women with polycystic ovary syndrome, 23 of 25 women with oligomenorrhea, four of five with secondary amenorrhea, and two of three with polymenorrhea achieved regular menstrual cycles after taking rosiglitazone 4 mg/day for 24 weeks. It may be worth informing women that their fertility may increase (121). 

Reproductive organs are the primary source of the steroid hormones that influence sexual and reproductive functions. In men, the testes produce testosterone and similar androgens that are responsible for spermatogenesis and the secondary sexual characteristics of adult males.7,26 In women, sexual maturation and reproductive function are governed by the production of estrogens and progestins from the ovaries.27 The release of male and female sex steroids is controlled by hormones from the hypothalamus and anterior pituitary.32 The control of male and female hormone activity and the pharmacologic implications of these hormones are discussed in Chapter 30. 

Failure of Ovarian Development. Occasionally, the ovaries fail to undergo normal development because of hypopituitarism or other disorders. Estrogens may be given at the time of puberty to encourage development of secondary sexual characteristics (e.g., breast development). 

Estrogens 17/ -Estradiol Ovaries, testes Sexual differentiation, fertility, secondary sex characteristics, bone density maintenance, blood coagulation... 

Bandaranayake, W.M. and Des Rocher, A., Role of secondary metabolites and pigments in the epidermal tissues, ripe ovaries, viscera, gut contents and diet of the sea cucumber Holothuria atra, Mar. Biol, 133, 163, 1999. 

Estrogens Ovary Estrone Development of female secondary sex characteristics... 

Seyer A, Riu A, Debrauwer L, Bourges-Abella N, Brunelle A, Laprevote O, Zalko D (2010) Time-of-flight secondary ion mass spectrometry imaging demonstrates the specific localization of deca-bromo-diphenyl-ether residues in the ovaries and adrenal glands of exposed rats. J Am Soc Mass Spectrom 21 1836-1845. doi 10.1016/j.jasms.2010.06.019... 

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