Other Toxicological Properties

Substances which have only the following properties are not classified as dangerous. The additional risk phrases have to be added for otherwise classified substances, independently of any toxic, physico-chemical, or environmental property. 

Compounds which produce very toxic or toxic gases on contact with water have to be labeled with R 29  

R 29 Contact with water liberates toxic gas. R 31 Contact with acids liberates toxic gas. 

Well-known compounds labeled with R 29 are the phosphides, which on contact with water liberate very toxic phosphine. Further examples of labeling with R 29 in accordance with annex I of 67/548/EEC are  

Maleic acid anhydride Phthalic acid anhydride Trimellitic acid anhydride 

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Health and Safety Factors. MEK is slightly more toxic than acetone, but is not considered highly toxic, and nor does it exhibit cumulative toxicological properties. The OSHA time weighted average iu air is 200 ppm other measured toxicity values are shown iu Table 3. Methyl ethyl ketone is highly flammable. 

What are the magnitude and/or pattern of the alteration in a particular pathway in relation to treatments with other compounds (related or unrelated) with known pharmacological or toxicological properties ... 

The ATSDR toxicological profile succinctly characterizes the toxicologic and adverse health effects information for the hazardous substance described therein. Each peer-reviewed profile identifies and reviews the key literature that describes a hazardous substance s toxicologic properties. Other pertinent literature is also presented, but is described in less detail than the key studies. The profile is not intended to be an exhaustive document however, more comprehensive sources of specialty information are referenced. 

In addition to the agents detailed in this handbook, there are other arsenic vesicants that were employed during World War I on a limited basis. However, there is little or no published information concerning the physical, chemical, or toxicological properties of these additional agents. 

Complex cyanides are compounds in which the cyanide anion is incorporated into a complex or complexes. These compounds are different in chemical and toxicologic properties from simple cyanides. In solution, the stability of the cyanide complex varies with the type of cation and the complex that it forms. Some of these are dissociable in weak acids to give free cyanide and a cation, while other complexes require much stronger acidic conditions for dissociation. The least-stable complex metallocyanides include Zn(CN)42 , Cd(CN)3 , and Cd(CN)42 moderately stable complexes include Cu(CN)2, Cu(CN)32, Ni(CN)42, and Ag(CN)2 and the most stable complexes include Fe(CN)64, and Co(CN)6. The toxicity of complex cyanides is usually related to their ability to release cyanide ions in solution, which then enter into an equilibrium with HCN relatively small fluctuations in pH significantly affect their biocidal properties. 

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