Osborne procedure

The importance of Heinrich Ritthausen s fundamental studies, 1862 to 1899, on analytical procedures for the determination of amino acids in proteins has been emphasized in the biographical sketches which have been presented by Osborne (210), Vickery (289), and Chibnall (47). It is of particular interest to note here the prediction made by Ritt-hausen about 1870 that the amino acid composition would prove to be the most adequate basis for the characterization of proteins. Ritthausen and Kreusler (230) were the first, in 1871, to determine amino acids derived from proteins, and some of the values which they found for aspartic and glutamic acids are given in Table III (cited by Chibnall, 47, and Vickery, 286). 

The Simplex algorithm and that of Powell s are examples of derivative-free methods (Edgar and Himmelblau, 1988 Seber and Wild, 1989, Powell, 1965). In this chapter only two algorithms will be presented (1) the LJ optimization procedure and (2) the simplex method. The well known golden section and Fibonacci methods for minimizing a function along a line will not be presented. Kowalik and Osborne (1968) and Press et al. (1992) among others discuss these methods in detail. 

Osborn, M., and Weber, K. (1982) Immunofluorescence and immunocytochemical procedures with affinity purified antibodies Tubulin-containing structures. Meth. Cell Biol. 24, 97-132. 

Creutzfeldt-Jakob virus (Osborn, 1988). Therefore, a battery of tests for relevant viruses and other microorganisms is a routine procedure in the production of biological drugs. 

As a check, the low temperature experimental heat capacity values are smoothed by fitting the data with orthogonal polynomials over selected overlapping temperature intervals. This fitting procedure gave an S (298.15 K) identical to that reported by Osborne and Flotow (2 ). The ice calorimetric data of Satoh (7) are not extensive enough to reliably define the entire heat capacity dependence from 350 to 1086 K, however the three data prints at 373 K, 578 K, and 773 K are sufficient to define a reasonable temperature dependence. 

Stevenson and Preston [3] used symmetrical stop-flow flow FFF to examine proteins extracted from Katepwa, a high-quality bread wheat variety, using a modification of the traditional Osborne extraction procedure. Fractions isolated by this sequential extraction procedure included wheat proteins ex-... 

Goren, M.P., Osborne, S., Wright, R.K. (1986). A peroxidase-coupled kinetic enzymatic procedure evaluated for measuring serum and urinary creatinine. Clin. Chem. 32, 548-551. 

Wl. Weber, K., and Osborn, M., Proteins and sodium dodecyl sulfate Molecular weight determination on polyacrylamide gels and related procedures. In The Proteins (H. Neurath, R. L. Hill, and C.-L. Boeder, eds.), Vol. 1, pp. 179-223. Academic Press, New York, 1975. 

Slaughter, M. R., J. M. Birmingham, B. Patel, G. A. Whelan, A. J. Krebs-Brown, P. D. Hockings, and J. A. Osborne. 2002. Extended acclimatization is required to eliminate effects of periodic blood-sampling procedures on vasoactive hormones and blood volume in beagle dogs. Laboratory Animals 36 403-410. 

In the 1904 edition there is, for example, a sample calculation of the heat balance on a Glover tower treated as an evaporator, which shows how inefficient it was then ( what a heat waster it is (23)), There is also a discussion on the efficiency of various packings, explaining in terms of surface areas why coke is 1.5 to 2 times more efiBcient than bricks (23, 26), But in general, Davis approach was still empirical the operations are described as procedures of practical utility, and are not based on fundamental physics. Neither the work of Osborne Reynolds nor dimensionless group theory had been assimilated yet into the profession. 

Rh(DIPHOS) (N0R)]BF4. This was prepared by adaptation of the procedure used by Schrock and Osborn (10) to prepare the corresponding perchlorate salt. 

It is worthwhile, in this context, to look at the procedure usually followed to modernise a science curriculum in the Netherlands and in many other countries with a national curriculum (Boersma, 2000 Fensham, 1998 Osborne, 2000 Roberts, 1995). This procedure can be characterised as a consensus oriented approach that is aimed at modernisation through a stepwise procedure, deleting some topics and adding others, until consensus is reached that sufficient modernisation has taken place. Because a more fundamental approach, aimed to solve the increasing underlying problems, is never attempted, this procedure inevitably leads to the preservation of a tradition (Osborne, 2000). 

Brainstorming is so much more than just one of many heuristic methods. Its introduction in the early 1950s created a revolution in the popular perception of human creativity. Moreover, it suddenly democratized creativity. Before Osborn, creativity was a secret domain of the very few who were given unusual talents by God. After Osborn, creativity was simply one of many human activities that can be simply learned and practiced by everybody. No more mystery—just a lot of systematic effort, time, and learning of various specific creativity-boosting procedures. 

Osborn, A.F (1953). Applied Imagination Principles and Procedures of Creative Thinking, p. 317, Oxford Scribners. 

Generally, adequate computational procedures are not available for predicting equilibrium data for gas-liquid systems bas entirely on the physicochemical pn ities of the individual components. However, correlations have been proposed which can provide approximate values for simple systems. Osborne and Maikovic," for example, present a nomograph that relates the solubilities of conunon gases in oiganic liquids to the iiquid surface tension and molar volume. 

The first two reports on the use of flow FFF for separating wheat proteins appeared in the literature in 1996 when researchers firom two independent laboratories reported characterization of wheat proteins from different varieties extracted by different methods and analyzed on two different types of flow FFF apparatus. Wahlund et al. - used asymmetrical flow FFF to examine proteins extracted firom two bread wheat varieties of different protein content using sequential extraction with increasing concentrations of dilute hydrochloric acid (HCl). Stevenson and Preston used symmetrical flow FFF to examine proteins extracted firom Katepwa, a high quahty bread wheat variety, using a modification of the traditional Osborne extraction procedure. Results from both studies showed that for the monomeric gliadin-type fractions ranged in size from 8 to... 

Procedure No. 12. Separation of lead from mixed fission products.Osborne. 

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