Origin of Microbiology

Anthrax was intimately associated with the origins of microbiology and immunology, being the first disease for which a microbial origin was definitively established, in 1876, by Robert Koch.2 It also was the first disease for which an effective live... 

As investigations with polysaccharides of microbiological, plant, and animal origin revealed the presence in these substances of uronic acids, it became necessary to know more about the acids. Moreover, the occurrence of uronic acids in plant gums and pectic substances, and the structures of urinary... 

However, a dictionary definition of fouling includes to obstruct (with foreign matter), to entangle, to impede, while a foulant is described as fetid, stinking, and putrid. Thus the definition of foulant should, of necessity, include matter of microbiological origin, plus its degradation products. 

Introduction General Characteristics of Allergens of Microbiological Origin... 

Margulis L (2005) Origin of eukaryotic cells. Yale University Press, New Haven Martin W (2000) Primitive anaerobic protozoa the wrong host for mitochondria and hydrogenosomes Microbiology 146 1021-1022... 

Symposia of the Society for General Microbiology, 38,1-40. Cavalier-Smith, T. 1987. The origin of eukaryote and archaebacterial cells. Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences, 503, 17-54. Cech, T.R. 1986. RNA as an enzyme. Scientific American, Nov., 76-84. Chomsky, N. 1965. Aspects of the Theory of Syntax. MIT Press, Cambridge, Massachusetts. 

This patient was treated empirically with vancomycin alone because his physicians suspected that he had endocarditis, caused by Streptococcus of the viridans group. The history indicated that the origin of the infection was the patient s mouth. Three days later the results from the clinical microbiology laboratory showed that three blood cultures, taken at the time of admission, grew Enterococcus faecalis. susceptible to ampicillin, vancomycin, gentamicin, and streptomycin. 

Saier MH Jr, Tseng T-T. Evolutionary origins of transmembrane transport systems. In Transport of molecules across microbial membranes. 58th Symposium of the Society for General Microbiology, University of Leeds, September 1999. London Cambridge University Press 1999. p. 252-74. 

Bass-Becking L. G. M. and Kaplan I. R. (1956) The microbiological origin of the sulfur nodules of Lake Eyre. Trans. Roy. Soc. Austral. 79, 52-65. 

Although bacterial endotoxins are of microbiological origin, they are not lost with loss of viability. Of the sterilization processes commonly used in the manufacture of sterile parenteral dosage forms (see above), only dry heat is capable of destroying bacterial endotoxins in a reasonable time frame. There is therefore no practical way of removing bacterial endotoxins from finished drug products thus, they must be controlled at source. 

Direct estimates of biomass have been attempted by analyzing for molecules or elements that must be of microbiological origin, such as total organic carbon, organic nitrogen, protein, DNA, or ATP. Standard methods are available for all these determinations but their application to autotrophs is complicated by the low cell counts and by interference from biooxidized material. Recently, immunological methods have received attention 4). 

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