Cavalier-Smith

For other alternatives, see Cavalier-Smith (1992) and Martin and Muller (1998). 

Cavalier-Smith, T. (1992), The number of symbiotic origins of organelles , BioSystems, 28, 91 -106. 

A scientific discussion meeting was held (2005) by The Royal Society (London) on Major steps in cell evolution and will be published Phil. Trans. Roy. Soc. B 361 in 2006, eds. Cavalier-Smith T Embley, T.M., and Brasier, M.D. 

Douglas S, Zauner S, Fraunholz M, Beaton M, Penny S, Deng LT, Wu XN, Reith M, Cavalier-Smith T, Maier UG (2001) The highly reduced genome of an enslaved algal nucleus. Nature 410 1091-1096... 

Cavalier-Smith T, A revised six-kingdom system of life, Biol Rev 73 203—266, 1998. 

The 1980 view assumed that the prokaryote-to-eukaryote transition occurred via gradualist mechanisms such as point mutation and hence did not involve symbiosis at all (van Valen and Maiorana 1980 Doolittle 1980) and culminated with a cell that possessed a nucleus, but lacked mitochondria. This is what Doolittle (1998) has called the standard model . In this view, mitochondria are interpreted as a small tack-on to, and mechanistically unrelated to, the process that made eukaryotic cells nucleated and complex (Cavalier-Smith 2002). In the standard model, mitochondria (and chloro-plasts) are descended from endosymbionts, but the nuts-and-bolts of the prokaryote-to-eukaryote transition (the origin of eukaryote-specific traits) was seen as having occurred independently from, and prior to, the origin of mitochondria. The paper by van Valen and Maiorana (1980) expresses this view in clear physiological terms the host was assumed to be an amoeboid, anaerobic, fermenting cell related to archaebacteria, the advantage of the mitochondrial endosymbiont was to supply ATP. 

Cavalier-Smith T (1987a) The origin of eukaryotic and archaebacterial cells. Ann NY Acad Sci 503 17-54... 

Cavalier-Smith T (1987b) Eukaryotes with no mitochondria. Nature 326 332-333 Chan KW, Slotboom DJ, Cox S, Embley TM, Fabre O, van der Giezen M, Harding M, Horner DS, Kunji ERS, Leon-Avila G, Tovar J (2005) A novel ADP/ATP transporter in the mitosome of the microaerophilic human parasite Entamoeba histolytica. Curr Biol 15 737-742... 

Cavalier-Smith T (1991) The evolution of cells. In Osawa S, Honjo T (eds) Evolution of Life. Springer, Tokyo, pp 271-304... 

Cavalier-Smith T (2003) The excavate protozoan phyla Metamonada Grasse emend. (Anaeromonadea, Parabasalia, Carpediemonas, Eopharyngia) and Loukozoa emend. 

Cavalier-Smith T, Chao EEY, Oates (2004) Molecular phylogeny of Amoebozoa and the evolutionary significance of the unikont Phalansterium. Eur J Protistol 40 21-48 Chavez LA, Balamuth W, Gong T (1986) A light and electron-microscopic study of a new, polymorphic free-living amoeba, Phreatamoeba balamuthi n. g., n. sp. J Euk Microbiol 33 397-404... 

Stechmann A, Cavalier-Smith T (2002) Rooting the eukaryote tree by using a derived gene fusion. Science 297 89-91... 

Stechmann A, Cavalier-Smith T (2003) The root of the eukaryote tree pinpointed. Curr Biol 13 R665-R666... 

Cavalier-Smith T (1987) Cold Spring Harbor Symposia on Quantitative Biology, Vol LII, pp 805-824... 

Margulis and Cavalier-Smith have clashed in print in recent years.6 Each points out the enormous problems with the other s model, and each is correct. What is fatal, however, is that neither side has filled in any mechanistic details for its model. Without details, discussion is doomed to be unscientific and fruitless. The scientific community at large has ignored both contributions neither paper has been cited by other scientists more than a handful of times in the years since publication.7... 

Cavalier-Smith, T. (1978) The Evolutionary Origin and Phylogeny of Microtubules, Mitotic Spindles, and Eukaryote Flagella, BioSystems, 10, 93-114. 

Comment on The Number of Symbiotic... by T. Cavalier-Smith, BioSystems, 28,107-108. 

Roise, D and Maduke, M. (1994) Import of a Mitochondrial Presequence into P. Denitrificans, FEBS Letters, 337, 9-13 Cavalier-Smith, T. (1987) The Simultaneous Symbiotic Origin of Mitochondria, Chloroplasts and Microbodies, Annals of the New York Academy of Science, 503, 55-71 Cavalier-Smith, T. (1992) The Number of Symbiotic Origins of Organelles, BioSystems, 28, 91-106 Hartl, F Ostermann, J., Guiard, B and Neupert, W. (1987) Successive Translocation into and out of the Mitochondrial Matrix Targeting of Proteins to the Inner Membrane Space by a Bipartite Signal Peptide, Cell, 51,1027-1037. 

---