Substrate orientation

Orientation of Nonliquid-Crystalline Materials on Orienting Substrates.462... 

In contrast to porosity, the pore density and the specific surface area are quantities directly related to the actual size of pores and pore walls. The pore density NP is defined as the number of pores per unit area and it usually refers to a plane normal to the pore axis. For (100) oriented substrates this plane is parallel to the electrode surface, but for other orientations or strongly branched pores, there is no preferred plane orientation and NP refers to an average of the pore density of different planes. For arrays of straight pores the pore density can be directly calculated from the array geometry. For cylindrical pores of diameter d orthogonal to the electrode surface, for example, the average pore density NP is given by ... 

Figure 7.15. Schematic representation of polycrystalline randomly oriented substrate (a) and substrate with preferred orientation (texture) (h).

While all vibrational transitions arg allowed by Eq. (1), the intensity of a mode is governed by the (Q c.j term which expresses the component of the neutron momentum transfer along the direction of the atomic displacements. To an extent, this feature can be exploited with substrates such as Grafoil which have some preferred orientation. By aligning Q parallel or perpendicular to the predominant basal plane surfaces, the intensity of the "inplane" and "out-of-plane" modes, respectively, can be enhanced. In practice, while this procedure can be useful in identifying modes (9), the comparison with calculated intensities can be complicated by uncertainties in the particle-orientation distribution function. In this respect, randomly oriented substrates are to be preferred (10). 

Parameters defining the quality of the interface such as enzyme orientation, substrate pocking, hydxuphobitity, change density, and film pressure come into... 

G. Lieser, M. Oda, T. Miteva, A. Meisel, H.-G. Nothofer, U. Scherf, D. Neher, Ordering, Graphoepitaxial Orientation and Conformation of a Polyfluorene Derivative of the Hairy-rod Type on an Oriented Substrate of Polyimide, Macromokcules 2000, 33, 4490-4495. 

Many researchers have been exciting samples grown along the [0001] direction on C-plane oriented substrates. This makes it easy to detect Tj dipole excitons allowed in a polarisation. Hoffinan and Eckey [39] decided to measure the energy of the f6 mode forbidden dipole at the zone centre. They used... 

Interface AEy Orientation Substrate/lattice constant Technique... 

The UPD peak structure on polycrystalline substrates is not as well pronounced in cyclic voltammograms. Obviously, this structure is determined not only by the contributions of different crystallographically oriented substrate domains, but also by the higher density of crystal imperfections at the substrate surface. This is demonstrated in Fig. 3.5 for the system Ag(polycrystalline)/Pb. ... 

In the following we shall describe the behaviour of Pd (A) deposited on several metals (B) whose atomic radii are either smaller (Ni, Cu) or larger (Au) than that of Pd. The growth and stability of Pd will be greatly influenced by thermodynamics (see Table 4). Most systems will be fully described for (110) orientated substrates at the exception of Pd-Ni where a comparison between (111) and (110) orientation will be made. 

Figure 8.33 schematically illustrates the dendritic pore growth along the <100> directions for both (100)- and (lll)-oriented substrates. The nondendritic branched pores formed on (100) substrate are not strictly perpendicular to the primary pores but deviate to various extents from the <100> direction toward the source of holes. Table 8.3 shows the orientation of the pores observed under different conditions. 

Not only are the layer planes small and defective, they are also stacked with twists and tilts between them. This twisting of the layers with respect to each other gives rise to the term turbostratic carbon for these materials. The turbostratic, well-oriented, substrate-nucleated pyrocarbons are ideal candidates for graphitization, and the highly oriented pyrolytic graphite (HOPG) used for X-ray and neutron monochromators is produced from these precursors. ... 

Epitaxial layer can be easily obtained on single crystal silicon substrate. (Ill) and (100) oriented substrates are commonly used. Due to the high affinity of... 

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