Organophosphate products containing

One of the main human health concerns about organophosphate esters is the potential for neurotoxicity reactions, in particular a condition known as organophosphate-induced delayed neurotoxicity (OPIDN). Tri-ort/20-cresyl phosphate (TOCP) has been identified as one of the more potent OPIDN neurotoxins in humans, and was formerly a constituent in some organophosphate ester hydraulic fluid products (Marino 1992 Marino and Placek 1994). Production processes now routinely remove virtually all the TOCP. For instance, tricresyl phosphate (TCP) products now typically are manufactured to contain over 98% meta and para isomers and virtually no TOCP (Marino and Placek 1994). Products containing these compounds associated with OPIDN have now entirely disappeared from commercial use, and the vast majority of the industrial organophosphate esters are based on triaryl phosphates with no halogenated components (Marino 1992). At waste disposal sites, however, site contaminants from older product formulations containing the ortho form may be encountered. 

Studies on the Effectiveness of Closed-Transfer Systems for Mixing and Loading Toxicity Category I and II Products Containing Organophosphates and N-methyl Carbamates... 

Table 5.41 Commercial products containing organophosphate compounds...

Products containing infertility causative ageuts iuclude adhesives, paints, siU-cones, solvents, and the fumes from welding rods that emitted during welding [3]. House dust containing organophosphate flame retardants has been shown to alter hormone levels and decrease sperm quality in men [4]. 

Information regarding the chemical identity of hydraulic fluid products is located in Table 3-1. This table contains information representative of three types of hydraulic fluids mineral oil, organophosphate ester, and polyalphaolefin. 

Before the 1960s, products were introduced based on alkyl aryl phosphates that could contain chlorinated aromatic hydrocarbons. Such products have now entirely disappeared from commercial use, and the vast majority of the industrial organophosphate esters are based on triaryl phosphates with no halogenated components (Marino 1992). However, at older waste disposal sites, hydraulic fluid site contaminants could contain chlorinated hydrocarbons. As with the PCBs formerly included as additives in other forms... 

While the separation of alkylphosphonates and alkylphosphonic acids by CE is rather straightforward, sensitive detection remains a challenging task. Since these analytes do not contain a chromophore or a fluorophore, and are not easily derivatized, standard optical detection techniques such as absorbance or fluorescence cannot be employed. Representative methods for the determination of organophosphate degradation products are summarized below and grouped by the mode of detection employed. Experimental conditions for some of these methods are summarized in Table 3. 

The main products responsible for incidents were those containing the active ingredient endosulfan, accounting for 69% of the cases. The second offending product, causing 14% of poisonings, was a mixture of the pyrethroid lambda-cyhalothrin and an organophosphate - in some cases dimethoate and in others profenofos. This mixture is recommended for farmers to spray at least four times, after the first two sprays of endosulfan ". 

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