Organism Catharanthus roseus

Gantet P. Transcription factor Agamous-Uke 12 from Arabidopsis promotes tissue-Uke organization and alkaloid biosynthesis in Catharanthus roseus suspension cells. Met. Eng. 2007 9 125-132. 155. 

Davis, R.E., Lee, I.M., Douglas, S.M. and Dally, E.L. (1990). Molecular cloning and detection of chromosomal and extrachromosomal DNA of the mycoplasma like organism associated with little leaf disease in periwinkle Catharanthus roseus). Phytopathology, 80 789-793. 

Higher plants have evolved an extraordinary variety of secondary metabolic pathways, the resulting products of which have been put to use by man providing pharmaceuticals for drug use, insecticides and various allelochemicals for pest control, and extracts for the flavor and fragrances industries. In spite of advances in synthetic organic chemistry, plants remain a major source of natural products, particularly in the specialty chemicals industry. Compounds, such as the insecticide derived from Azadiraohta indioa or the antitumor alkaloids vinblastine and vincristine found in periwinkle (Catharanthus roseus) (1 ), have complicated structures which preclude at the present time the development of an economical chemical synthesis (Figure 1). In the case of... 

Storage capacity in a cell culture is available inside the cells (e.g., vacuoles) or in the extracellular compartment. The storage facilities of the latter can be remarkedly improved by the addition of liquid organic phases, resins, or other sorbents to the medium. Addition of XAD-7 to Catharanthus roseus cultures resulted in increased yields of indole alkaloids (SS). Addition of a dimethylsiloxane polymer to Eschscholtzia californica cultures improved yields of benzophenanthridine alkaloids ( 9), and increased yields of nicotine and anabasine were obtained by adding of XAD-2 and XAD-4 resins to Nicotiana transformed roots (90,91). 

Product release brought about by lowering the pH of the culture medium was shown in case of Cinchona ledgeriana (42,82,174), Nicotiana rustica (42), and Catharanthus roseus (175). Other successful approaches to stimulate product release have also been reported. Several studies have been carried out on the stimulation of product excretion by extraction of the culture broth with an inert organic solvent (176-181). 

Guirimand G, Guihur A, Poutrain P, Hericourt F, Mahroug S, St-Pierre B, Buriat V, Courdavauit V (2011) Spatial organization of the vindoline biosynthetic pathway in Catharanthus roseus. J Plant Physiol 168 549-557. doi 10.1016/j.jplph.2010.08.01... 

Whitmer S, Verpoorte R, Canel C (1998) Influence of auxins on alkaloid accumulation by a transgenic cell line of Catharanthus roseus. Plant Cell Tissue Organ Cult 53 135-141. doi 10.1104/pp. 116.2.853... 

El-Sayed M, Verpoorte R (2002) Effect of phytohormones on growth and alkaloid accumulation by a Catharanthus roseus cell suspension cultures fed with alkaloid precursors tryptamine and ioganin. Plant Cell Tiss Organ Cult 68 265-270. doi 10.1023/ A 1013968826635... 

Ixtunasmaa M, Galambos J (1989) Indole alkaloid production in Catharanthus roseus cell suspension cultures. In Herz W, Grisebach H, Kirby GW, Tamm Ch (eds) Progress in the chemistry of organic natural products, vol 55. Springer, New York... 

Srivastava NK, Srivastava AK (2007) Influence of gibberellic acid on CO2 metabolism, growth, and production of alkaloids in Catharanthus roseus. Photosyn 45 156-160 Gundlach H, Miiller MJ, Kutohan TM, Zenk MH (1992) Jasmonic acid is a signal transducer in elicitor-induced plant cell cultures. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 89 2389-2393 Smith JI, Smart NJ, Kurz WGW, Misawa M (1987) The use of organic and inorganic compounds to increase the accumulation of indole alkaloids in Catharanthus roseus (L.) G. Don cell suspension cultures. J Exp Bot 38 1501-1506... 

Contin A, van der Heijden R, Verpoorte R (1999) Effects of alkaloid precursor feeding and elicitation on the accumulation of secologanin in a Catharanthus roseus cell suspension culture. Plant Cell Tissue Organ Cult 56 111-119... 

Van der Heijden R, de Boer-Hlup V, Verpoorte R, Duine JA. Enzymes involved in the metabolism of 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-coenzyme A in Catharanthus roseus. Plant Cell Tissue Organ Culture, 1994 in press. 

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