Organised Labour

In recent years, the three-level system of NDT experts certification, which corresponds to the EN 473, is being introduced m Ukraine The unified Rules of NDT Experts Certification will be introduced in the near future. This work is headed by the State Committee of Ukraine on Labour Safety), and with the aim of the most expedient transition to EN 473, the National Certification Committee of Ukraine on NDT was established by the initiative of US NDT TD. The Committee has the tasks of preparing the programs, procedures, questionnaires for carrying out the certification. It is a non-profit organisation which is in charge of the methodological issues of certification m the US NDT TD. 

For whom is this book intended For those involved in industry, particularly nonchemical operations), who have, for a long while (since the application of the Labour Code) had much experience in safety matters, but for whom my experience as a trainer in the department of Hygiene, Safety and Environment of the lUT allows me to say how inadequately prepared they are when confronted with certain aspects of risk chemistry. Public organisations, curiously, had, until recently, no obligation to administer the Labour Code and that which concerned hygiene and workers safety. This book is concerned with all these activities but is not addressed to all safety officers because it presupposes a basic knowledge of chemistry. For all that, the chemist may not be at ease with this book, which he may find difficult. For this reason, numerous examples are provided to illustrate the methods studied, and assist in their application, and to permit him to identify the limits. 

Throughout this book the regulatory regime is referred to as Labour Code , a translation of the French Code du Travail . All countries have national regulatory codes, some of which reflect wider imperatives (eg ED directories, ILO conventions, UN standards). In adddition, there are many technical and other codes of practice or procedure produced by national or international professional, technical and industrial organisations. Exampies of the former are the reguiatory codes of the HSE and The EA in the UK, and of OSHA and ERA in the USA and of the latter, the NFPA, which is referred to extensively in this book. 

Olimova, S. and I. Bose, Labour migration from Tajikistan. Geneva International Organisation on Migration, 2003. 

The processes of specialisation, standardisation and consolidation of control characterise all industrial organisations (Ikerd 2001). Adam Smith, the father of contemporary economics, expounded on the potential gains in productivity that could be achieved through specialisation, which he called division of labour . Division of labour, put simply, meant that each labourer specialised in performing a single task or a limited number of tasks in the production process. By performing fewer tasks, each labourer could perform their specific tasks much more efficiently, and thus, could be much more productive. 

International Labour Organisation (ILO). 2004. Economic Security for a Better World. Geneva ILO. Available at http //www.ilo.org/public/english/protection/ses/index.htm [Accessed October 6, 2004]. 

International Labour Organisation. Advisory committee on salaried employees and professional workers. Problems of women non-manual workers work organization, vocational training, equality of treatment at the workplace, job opportunities. Report III. International Labour Office,... 

High labour input for the daily organisation of firewood and water. 

The LESTARI study was focused on governmental institutions while that of the author covered public interest and labour organisations (PILO) or civil society organisations (CSO). These studies served as references to this paper. 

Fig. 16.6 Organisation of supervision/enforcement. An example LI = Labour Inspectorate, EI = Environment Inspectorate...

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