Organisational benefits

In pavement management, there should also be organisational benefits to achieve this, a PMS should 

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Quality and organisational benefits The implementation of the advanced wastewater purification process is profitable for the service provider only in the case of Chemical Leasing application since the amount of supplied chemicals is significantly reduced. 

In contrast with observations in a previous section about difficulties of communication, there were also comments about the organisational benefits which the project had brought with it ... 

A new approach of partnership between client and inspection service organisations has been established primarily for the North Sea but increasingly finding application elsewhere Benefits accrue to all parties and the technical and commercial lessons learnt in the process have relevance to a wide range of other industries. 

Another crucial problem for any neurochemical model is cause and effect. Neuroleptics have a high affinity for dopamine receptors, particularly the D2-subtype. There is also a highly significant positive correlation (r > +0.9) between this receptor binding and their clinical potency (Seeman, 1980). But, this does not necessarily implicate elevated dopamine levels as the cause of schizophrenia. Moreover, blockade of dopamine receptors happens very rapidly, whereas clinical benefits are only seen after chronic treatment. Rose (1973) has criticised the reductionist statement that an abnormal biochemistry causes schizophrenia because it relates cause and effect at different organisational levels (namely, the molecular and behavioural). But, while it can be legitimate to discuss cause and effect at the same level that chlorpromazine blocks dopamine receptors (one molecule altering the response of another), it is not valid to infer that increased dopamine activity causes schizophrenia. Put another way ... 

A third path for research is to study associations between system change and improvement, on the one hand, and public and consumer responses, on the other. In particular, what are the conditions for the development and maintenance of trustworthiness and satisfaction through organisational and communicative procedures With better knowledge of consumer demands and improved quantification of risks and benefits to health, the future trend is likely to point towards increased differentiation, with different products targeting consumer groups with different priorities. Some consumers will demand more convenience, while others will invest in participatory community farm schemes that allow direct involvement in the production and preparation of their food. 

The fireworks industry also benefited from these improvements, which was reflected in the growing popularity of organised displays and the diversity of the pyrotechnic effects so presented. 

A risk-benefit assessment of a drug can be made looking at the risks of the disease being treated, the chance of improvement by the drug, and the risk from the treatment. A risk-benefit assessment can also be comparative between two or more treatments for the same indication and also examine costs to individuals and the community. It is clear that these assessments should have complete contemporary data for all aspects, and that the data should be organised in such a way as to make qualitative and quantitative comparison easy. 

Very many technical and commercial factors are important such as the utility of the product (cost-benefit relationships), ease of scale-up, the productivity of the process etc. Process design, for instance, involves a series of choices, such as the use of isolated enzyme or intact microorganism, use of free or immobilised cell or enzyme, use of mutant or genetically modified cell, or batch or continuous processing etc. Such choices depend on other factors such as the availability and cost of precursors, product purity required, intended scale of operation and existing skills and equipment available within the Organisation. 

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