Organic light-emitting diodes conducting polymers

W.H. Kim, A.J. Makinen, N. Nikolov, R. Shashidhar, H. Kim, and Z.H. Kafafi, Molecular organic light-emitting diodes using highly conducting polymers as anodes, Appl. Phys. Lett., 80 3844-3846 (2002). 

Baytron , a conducting polymer [154] derived from 3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene, is a commercially available product that can be used as an antistatic or electrostatic coating of plastics and glass. Moreover, it has successfully been applied as counterelectrode in capacitors and as a hole-injection layer in organic light-emitting diodes [155]. 

The planarity of the thiopyran-4-ylidene moiety has proved crucial in the development of substituted analogues for use in materials, for example, synthetic metals, organic light emitting diodes and conducting polymers, where good electron transport properties are required. 

Lee, T.W. et al.. Hole-injecting conducting-polymer compositions for highly efficient and stable organic light-emitting diodes, Appl. Phys. Lett. 87, 231106, 2005. 

Organic Light-Emitting Diodes (OLED) and Polymer Light-Emitting Diodes (PLED) based on the mechanism foreseen by Marcus have been realized in practice. PLEDs are successively formed from an Al, Mg or Ca cathode, an organic conductive polymer and an ITO (Indium, Tin, Oxide) anode, as schematically illustrated in Fig. 36.31. 

Another conducting polymer that has found commercial application is poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene), PEDOT, which is marketed as a dispersion that contains poly(styrene sulfonate). This polymer dispersion is used in the manufacture of organic light-emitting diodes (OLEDs), which are materials that emit light when an electric current is applied to them (Figure 27.13). OLEDs are used for flat panel displays in televisions and cellular telephone displays. 

Chapter 27 Conducting Polymers describes organic light emitting diodes (OLEDs) which are conducting polymers that can be used in the production of displays used in cellular telephone and flat panel televisions. 

K. Fehse, K. Walser, K. Leo, W. Lovenich and A. Elschner, Highly conductive polymer anodes as replacement of inorganic materials for high efficiency organic light-emitting diodes, Adv. Mater. 19, 441-444 (2007). 

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