Organic compounds, attack

Nickel is a moderately lustrous, silvery metal, and is extensively used in alloys (for example coinage, stainless steel) and for plating where a durable resistant surface is required. It is also used as an industrial catalyst, for example in the hydrogenation of unsaturated organic compounds. It is attacked by dilute aqueous acids but not by alkalis it combines readily with many non-metals on heating. 

It consists in treating a solution of sodium iodide in pure acetone with the organic compound. The reaction is probably of the S 2 type involving a bimolecular attack of the iodide ion upon the carbon atom carrying the chlorine or bromine the order of reactivities of halides is primary > secondary > tertiary and Br > Cl. 

Organic compounds normally cause Htde or no corrosion of magnesium. Tanks or other containers of magnesium alloys are used for phenol [108-95-2] methyl bromide [74-96 ] and phenylethyl alcohol [60-12-8]. Most alcohols cause no more than mild attack, but anhydrous methanol attacks magnesium vigorously with the formation of magnesium methoxide [109-88-6]. This attack is inhibited by the addition of 1% ammonium sulfide [12135-76-1] or the presence ofwater. 

Reaction with Organic Compounds. Aluminum is not attacked by saturated or unsaturated, aUphatic or aromatic hydrocarbons. Halogenated derivatives of hydrocarbons do not generally react with aluminum except in the presence of water, which leads to the forma tion of halogen acids. The chemical stabiUty of aluminum in the presence of alcohols is very good and stabiUty is excellent in the presence of aldehydes, ketones, and quinones. 

The corrosion behavior of tantalum is weU-documented (46). Technically, the excellent corrosion resistance of the metal reflects the chemical properties of the thermal oxide always present on the surface of the metal. This very adherent oxide layer makes tantalum one of the most corrosion-resistant metals to many chemicals at temperatures below 150°C. Tantalum is not attacked by most mineral acids, including aqua regia, perchloric acid, nitric acid, and concentrated sulfuric acid below 175°C. Tantalum is inert to most organic compounds organic acids, alcohols, ketones, esters, and phenols do not attack tantalum. 

Chemical Treatment. Some organic compounds are attacked by chemical reagents such as potassium permanganate, sodium hydroxide, calcium hypochlorite, and o2one (29,30). 

Chemical Reactivity - Reactivity with Water No reaction Reactivity with Common Materials May attack some forms of plastics Stability During Transport Stable Neutralizing Agents for Acids and Caustics Not pertinent,- Polymerization Hazardous polymerization unlikely to occur except when in contact with alkali metals or metallo-organic compounds Inhibitor of Polymerization 10 -20 ppm tert-butylcatechol. 

In reactions with organic compounds FCIO3 acts either as an oxidant or as a 1- or 2-centre electrophile which can therefore be used to introduce either F, a -CIO3 group, or both F and O into the molecule. As FCIO3 is highly susceptible to nucleophilic attack at Cl it reacts readily with organic anions ... 

With many organic compounds, aluminium shows high corrosion resistance either in the presence or absence of water. The lower alcohols and phenols are corrosive when they are completely anhydrous —rarely encountered in practice —since repair of breaks in the natural protective oxide film on aluminium cannot take place in the absence of water. Amines generally cause little attack unless very alkaline. 

Platinum is unaffected by most organic compounds, although some compounds may catalytically decompose or become oxidised on a platinum surface at elevated temperatures, resulting in an etched appearance of the metal. Carbon and sulphur do not attack platinum at any temperature up to its melting point. Molten platinum may dissolve carbon, but the solubility of the latter in solid solution is virtually zero. 

Ammonia (NH3) also may be present in some boiler systems, either by design or by the breakdown of amines, hydrazine, and other organic compounds. It attacks components and equipment constructed of copper and brass. 

Properties Pure 100% nitric acid is a colorless liquid when hrst prepared, but turns yellow when exposed to light. Has a choking odor. It is a strong, so-called oxidizing acid which under the right conditions will react energetically with virtually all organic compounds will usually attack all metals except aluminum and some stainless steels. Very hazardous chemical. 

Silicon, like carbon, is relatively inactive at ordinary temperatures. But, when heated, it reacts vigorously with the halogens (fluorine, chlorine, bromine, cmd iodine) to form halides and with certain metals to form silicides. It is unaffected by all acids except hydrofluoric. At red heat, silicon is attacked by water vapor or by oxygen, forming a surface layer of silicon dioxide. When silicon and carbon are combined at electric furnace temperatures of 2,000 to 2,600 °C (3,600 to 4700 °F), they form silicon carbide (Carborundum = SiC), which is an Importeint abrasive. When reacted with hydrogen, silicon forms a series of hydrides, the silanes. Silicon also forms a series of organic silicon compounds called silicones, when reacted with various organic compounds. 

Ozonolysis of organic compounds in water also has biological and environmental93 interest. Ozone preferentially attacks the base moiety of pyrimidine nucleotides in water.94 For example, the reaction of ozone with uracil in water, having no substitutent at 1-position, gave the ozonolysis products in Scheme 3.6.95 The reactions of DNA and RNA with O3 in an aqueous environment are linked to the damage of... 

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