Organic chemistry hydrocarbons and

Introduction to organic chemistry hydrocarbons and functional groups (structure, nomenclature, chemical properties). Physical and chemical properties of simple organic compounds should also be included as exemplary material for the study of other areas such as bonding, equilibria involving weak acids, kinetics, colligative properties, and stoichiometric determinations of empirical and molecular formulas. 

Introduction to organic chemistry hydrocarbons and functional groups (structure, nomenclature, chemical properties)... 

Silicon and carbon command dominant positions in inorganic chemistry (silicates) and organic chemistry (hydrocarbons and their derivatives), respectively. Although they have similar valence electronic configurations, [He]2s22p2 for C and [Ne]3s23p2 for Si, their properties are not similar. The reasons for the difference between the chemistry of the two elements are elaborated below. 

Compounds of carbon with hydrogen and other elements form the vast area of organic chemistry. Silanes and germanes are Si and Ge analogous of methane and short-chain saturated hydrocarbons, and can be prepared by various methods, such as reduction of halides with LiAlH4 ... 

Normally, organic fluids (hydrocarbons and silicones) are used to attain a temperature between 200° C and 400° C. A great degree of information can be obtained from the fluid manufacturers as well as other published literature. Different chemistries that are utilized for these applications are discussed below. ° ° ... 

Thus the first part of the book (Chapters 1 to 9) deals with NP catalysis, emphasizing the key role of NP supports the second part (Chapters 10 to 12) concerns specific metals (namely Pd, Ru, Ir and Au), and the last part (Chapters 13 to 18) focuses on specific substrates of particular interest for organic chemistry, hydrocarbon reforming and environmental aspects. Among the metals, Pd and Au are the most effective catalysts. Palladium is the most efficient catalyst for carbon-carbon bond formation thus, besides Chapter 10 that is devoted to PdNPs, their catalytic properties also spread over the first part of the book. Gold is the most efficient NP catalyst for a variety of aerobic (thus low-cost) oxidation reactions, and AuNP catalysis is covered in four chapters at the end of the second part and beginning of the third part. Each chapter is introduced in more detail in Chapter 1. 

F. Mathey - From Phosphorous Heterocycles to Phosphorous Analogues of Unsaturated Hydrocarbon-Transition Metal n Complexes, J. Organomet. Chem. 400, 149,1990 Phospha-Organic Chemistry Panorama and Perspectives,... 

Chapter 11, Introduction to Organic Chemistry Hydrocarbons, combines Chapters 10 and 11 of GOB, eleventh edition. This new chapter compares inorganic and organic compounds, and describes the structures and naming of alkanes, alkenes including cis-trans isomers, alkynes, and aromatic compounds. 

We will recall briefly the different families of hydrocarbons without attempting to give a summary of a course in organic chemistry. The reader is particularly encouraged to refer to general reference works for information concerning the nomenclature and properties of these compounds (Lefebvre, 1978). 

Hydrocarbons are divided into two mam classes aliphatic and aromatic This classifi cation dates from the nineteenth century when organic chemistry was devoted almost entirely to the study of materials from natural sources and terms were coined that reflected a substance s origin Two sources were fats and oils and the word aliphatic was derived from the Greek word aleiphar meaning ( fat ) Aromatic hydrocarbons irre spective of their own odor were typically obtained by chemical treatment of pleasant smelling plant extracts... 

Alkenes are hydrocarbons that contain a carbon-carbon double bond A carbon-carbon double bond is both an important structural unit and an important func tional group m organic chemistry The shape of an organic molecule is influenced by the presence of this bond and the double bond is the site of most of the chemical reactions that alkenes undergo Some representative alkenes include isobutylene (an industrial chemical) a pmene (a fragrant liquid obtained from pine trees) md fame sene (a naturally occurring alkene with three double bonds)... 

In general, peroxomonosulfates have fewer uses in organic chemistry than peroxodisulfates. However, the triple salt is used for oxidizing ketones (qv) to dioxiranes (7) (71,72), which in turn are useful oxidants in organic chemistry. Acetone in water is oxidized by triple salt to dimethyldioxirane, which in turn oxidizes alkenes to epoxides, polycycHc aromatic hydrocarbons to oxides and diones, amines to nitro compounds, sulfides to sulfoxides, phosphines to phosphine oxides, and alkanes to alcohols or carbonyl compounds. 

Orga.nic Chemistry. The organic chemistry of sulfur dioxide, particularly as it relates to food appHcations, has been discussed (246). Although no reaction takes place with saturated hydrocarbons at moderate temperatures, the simultaneous passage of sulfur dioxide and oxygen into an alkane in the presence of a free-radical initiator or ultraviolet light affords a sulfonic acid such as hexanesulfonic acid [13595-73-8]. This is the so-called sulfoxidation reaction (247) ... 

The ability of C to catenate (i.e. to form bonds to itself in compounds) is nowhere better illustrated than in the compounds it forms with H. Hydrocarbons occur in great variety in petroleum deposits and elsewhere, and form various homologous series in which the C atoms are linked into chains, branched chains and rings. The study of these compounds and their derivatives forms the subject of organic chemistry and is fully discussed in the many textbooks and treatises on that subject. The matter is further considered on p. 374 in relation to the much smaller ability of other Group 14 elements to form such catenated compounds. Methane, CH4, is the archetype of tetrahedral coordination in molecular compounds some of its properties are listed in Table 8.4 where they are compared with those of the... 

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