Transporting organelles

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Rustom, A., Saffrich, R., Markovic, I., Walther, P. and Gerdes, H.-H. Nanotubular highways for intercellular organelle transport. Science 303 1007-1010, 2004. 

Smith, R. S. and Snyder, R. E. Reversal of rapid axonal transport at a lesion leupeptin inhibits reversed protein transport, but does not inhibit reversed organelle transport. Brain Res. 552 215-227,1991. 

Hirokawa, N. Kinesin and dynein superfamily proteins and the mechanism of organelle transport. Science 279 519-526, 1998. 

Nan, X., Potma, E. O., and Xie, X. S. 2006. Nonperturhative chemical imaging of organelle transport in living cells with coherent anti-Stokes Raman scattering microscopy. Biophys. J. 91 728-35. 

Rogers, S. and Gelfand, V.I. (2000) Membrane trafficking organelle transport, and the cytoskeleton. Curr. Opin. Cell Biol., 12, 57-62. 

Hirokawa, N., Noda, Y., and Okada, Y. (1998). Kinesin and dynein superfamily proteins in organelle transport and cell division. Curr. Opin. Cell Biol. 10, 67-73. 

Vaughan, P. S., Miura, P., Henderson, M., Byrne, B., and Vaughan, K. T. (2002). A role for regulated binding of pl50Glued to microtubule plus ends in organelle transport. J. Cell Biol. 158, 305-319. 

Steinberg, G. (1998). Organelle transport and molecular motors in fungi. Fungal Genetics and Biology, 24, 161-77. 

Role of tau phosphorylation by glycogen synthase kinase-3beta in the regulation of organelle transport. J. Cell Sci. 117, 1653-1663. 

Smith RS (1988a) Studies on the mechanism of the reversal of rapid organelle transport in myelinated axons of Xenopus laevis. Cell Motil Cytoskeleton 10 296-308. 

Kinesins can be divided into two broad functional groups— cytosolic and mitotic kinesins—on the basis of the nature of the cargo that they transport (Table 20-2). The functional differences between kinesins are related to their unique tall domains, which determine their cargoes. Cytosolic kinesins take part in vesicle and organelle transport they Include the classic axonal kinesin I, which has been shown to transport lysosomes and other organelles. Some cytosolic kinesins, however, transport one specific cargo. For example, KIFIB and its close relative KIFIA transport mitochondria and synaptic vesicles, respectively, to nerve terminals. Other cyrt osollc kinesins mediate the transport of secretory vesicles to the plasma membrane and the radial movement of ER... 

As already mentioned, three important functions take place in or on membranes (in addition to the structural role of membranes as the boundaries and containers of all cells and of the organelles within eukaryotic cells). The first of these functions is transport. Membranes are semipermeable barriers to the flow of substances into and out of cells and organelles. Transport through the membrane can involve the lipid bilayer as well as the membrane proteins. The other two... 

Reese, E. and Haimo, L., Dynein, dynactin, and kinesin II s interaction with microtubules is regulated during bi-directional organelle transport, J. Cell Biol, 151 (1), 155-166, 2000. 

Etymologically, metabolism means transformation (from the Greek root metabole). This term refers to any chemical reaction occurring in a living organism. Because vital functions occur within organs, tissues, cell, and organelles, transport mechanisms of biomolecules from one location to another are also an important part of metabolism. 

Zinc homeostasis and action involve an intimate association of the mineral with proteins. These proteins include membrane transporters responsible for the absorption of zinc in the gut and its passage into and out of cells and subcellular organelles, transport and delivery proteins (both in the circulation and within cells), sensing proteins that will adjust homeostasis and function according to zinc availability, and a large range of proteins to which zinc is ultimately delivered. Two major classes of these latter proteins are the enzymes and transcription factors. In addition to its association with proteins, zinc within cells is also found associated with membrane lipids and both DNA and RNA. The functions of these pools of zinc are not clear. 

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