Ordinal language

In part 1, we analyze excerpts move by move, focusing on levels of detail, formality, and conciseness (including the noticeable absence of ordinal language), writing conventions (including capitalization, abbreviations, numbers, and units), and grammar and mechanics. 

Also like syntheses, a clear order of events is conveyed in the procedure. Novice writers inappropriately use words such as first, second, next, and then (examples of ordinal language) to convey the order of events more experienced writers learn to omit most ordinal language. Consider the following example ... 

The corrected version is uncluttered and more concise. The use of ordinal language, although grammatically correct, detracts from the flow of the text. It is unnecessary to state first or next because the sequencing of the procedure is implied through the order in which the steps are presented. Another example is presented in excerpt 3M (exercise 3.18). The authors describe a multistep cytotoxicity assay using very little ordinal language. 

Ordinal language indicates order or position in a series. Examples include the following ... 

Ordinal language should be used sparingly in journal articles. 

If you have only a few objectives, your proposal may read more smoothly if you use ordinal language (e.g., first and second), as illustrated in excerpt 12E, rather than a numbered list (as in excerpt 12D). Alternatively, you may leave out enumeration entirely. For example, in excerpt 12A, Aga describes her principal goal (to develop innovative analytical methods for environmental applications) and objectives (to develop immunochemical methods that are cost-effective, fast, and field-portable and use them to monitor the fate of agricultural contaminants) without any enumeration. 

Ordinal language may be used in proposals. Use a comma after ordinal terms and other introductory linking words and phrases, e.g.,... 

We have listed the hrst three of the six experiments (a-c) below. Arrange them in order of complexity (and, hence, the order in which they will be performed), identifying the correct ordinal language (hrst, second, third) where indicated. (SHG = second harmonic generation SAM = self-assembled monolayer.)... 

We now consider two examples of proposed methods that are not organized sequentially. In excerpt 13P, Finney describes three near-term projects that will be conducted simultaneously. He offers an overview to describe the three different areas and then goes on to give more details about each area (not included). Ordinal language is still used, but in this case, it is used to convey the order in which the projects will be presented, rather than the order in which the experiments will be conducted. 

You are ready to complete the first full draft of your Experimental Approach section (moves 1, 2, and 3). Add headings, subheadings, and ordinal language, as needed, to organize your ideas and to help your reader recognize the breadth and depth of your proposed work. 

Country Name of the Institution / body etc. in the ordinal language Name of the Institution / body ete. in English (if provided) Abbreviation Internet address... 

An inhibitor is a substance that retards a reaction. An inhibitor is also present in "catalytic" or sub-stoichiometric amounts. In a radical chain reaction an inhibitor may be a radical scavenger that interrupts the chain. In a metal catalysed reaction an inhibitor could be a substance that adsorbs onto the metal making it less active or blocking the site for substrate co-ordination. We also talk about a poison, a substance that stops the catalytic reaction. A poison may kill the catalyst. The catalyst dies, we say, after which it has to be regenerated wherever possible. We will often see the word co-catalyst, a substance that forms part of the catalyst itself or plays another role somewhere in the catalytic cycle. We inherited a florid language from our predecessors to whom catalysis was black magic. Naturally, these words are rather imprecise for a description of catalysis at the molecular level. 

Statement (d) exhibits in precise form a peculiar feature of the Rawls aggregation device which we already observed earlier (see the example at the end of the last section). The selection problem for the Rawls-device does not vanish, except, of course, for trivial bundles. Or, to put it in the language of Social or Public Choice, the Rawls device depends crucially on interpersonal comparison (trivial cases excepted). (In fact, statements (c) and (d) are strongly related to questions raised in the theory of Social or Public Choice. Thus (c) provides a precise answer to the question of a purely ordinal behaviour of the utilitarian device, which is discussed e.g. by Mueller 1979, p. 176.)... 

The ritual developed by the Native American Church illustrates the use of language to produce a positive set and setting for the ingestion of peyote. A ceremonial leader, the head chief, initiates the singing of songs and co-ordinates requests by individuals for special prayers. The ritual is so arranged and so co-ordinated to the needs of the communicants... 

I point out that the ordinance contained no language concerning the role of corporations, and that it simply bans farmers from growing genetically engineered crops. I mention, too, that the National Academy of Science and the United Kingdom Genetically Modified Science Review (NAS 2004 GM Science Review Panel 2003) have both already indicated that the crops currently on the market are safe to eat. 

In more physical language, the effective rotational hamiltonian in each vibrational state is obtained by averaging the original hamiltonian over the vibrational co-ordinates using the true vibrational wavefunctions, obtained by an appropriate perturbation of the harmonic oscillator basis functions. It is an extension of the Bom-Oppenheimer separation of the electronic from the nuclear motion, to achieve a separation of the vibrational from the rotational motion. 

The true philosophical import of the statistical interpretation has already been explained in 7 (p. 82). It consists in the recognition that the wave picture and the corpuscle picture are not mutually exclusive, but are two complementary ways of considering the same process—a process whose accessibility to intuitive apprehension is never complete, but always subject to certain limitations given by the principle of uncertainty. Here we have only one more important point to mention. The uncertainty relations, which we have obtained simply by contrasting with one another the descriptions of a process in the language of waves and in that of corpuscles, may also be rigorously deduced from the formalism of quantum mechanics—as exact inequalities, indeed for instance, between the co-ordinate q and momentum p we have the relation... 

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