Orchard

C2H4N4. A translocated herbicide, m.p. 157-159 C, used as a non-selective herbicide on fallow land or in established orchards. 

H Br Effective non 776 selective herbicide in controlling weeds in orchards and forests ... 

Metal Cotton gin trash Orchard pmnings Vineyard pmnings Wood-fired boilers ... 

Sevin. 1-Naphthalenol methylcarbanate [63-25-2] (Sevin) (44) was developed as an insecticide. However, the conception of the molecule, in the mid-1950s, was as a possible herbicide. The compound ultimately was useless as a herbicide, but in routine testing it was discovered to be an excellent insecticide. Sevin was active in the oat mesocotyl assay and demonstrated weak auxin-like activity. During the development of Sevin, it caused massive apple drop in the western United States in an orchard being treated for insects. It is used (ca 1993) as an abscising agent to thin apples. 

The development of malathion in 1950 was an important milestone in the emergence of selective insecticides. Malathion is from one-half to one-twentieth as toxic to insects as parathion but is only about one two-hundredths as toxic to mammals. Its worldwide usage in quantities of thousands of metric tons in the home, garden, field, orchard, woodland, on animals, and in pubHc health programs has demonstrated substantial safety coupled with pest control effectiveness. The biochemical basis for the selectivity of malathion is its rapid detoxication in the mammalian Hver, but not in the insect, through the attack of carboxyesterase enzymes on the aUphatic ester moieties of the molecule. 

Mass releases of sterile male insects have produced dramatic reductions in the populations of the Mediteranean fmit dy Ceratitis capitata in California beginning in 1981 when 40 million sterile dies were released weekly and in the codling moth Cjdiapomonella in isolated apple orchards in the Pacific Northwest. 

Dimethyl Sulfoxide, Technical bulletia. Crown ZeUerbach Corp., Chemical Products Division, Orchards, Wash., 1966. 

D. F. Orchard, Concrete Technology, 4th ed., AppHed Science PubHshers, London, 1979. 

The practice of smudging is still carried out in many areas to protect orchards from frost. Petroleum products are burned in pots, producing both heat and smoke. Since the heat is the desirable product, smokeless heaters with return ducts to reburn the smoke are required by most air pollution control agencies. Some control agencies have passed regulations limiting the smoke to 0.5 or 1.0 gm per minute per burner. 

Replacement of orchard heaters by wind machines is the most desirable control measure. These large propellers force the warmer air aloft to the ground, where it mixes with the cold air, minimizing frost formation. 

Address Orchard Road, Roystoii Hertfordshire SG8 SHE United Kingdom Phone +44 1763 253 000 Fax +44 1763 253 492... 

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