Orange trees

Orange Flower. Extraction of freshly picked flowers of the bitter orange tree, dims aurantium (subspecies amard) for the production of concrete is carried out mainly ia Morocco and Tunisia. Most of this material is processed further to give orange flower absolute, one of the most important absolutes used ia perfumes after rose and jasmine. It is highly valued ia perfumery, even when used at low levels, for its long-lasting, rich, warm, yet dehcate and fresh floralcy. The material is a complex mixture, to which methyl anthranilate [134-20-3] linalool (3), methyl jasmonate (15), and iadole (16) are important odor contributors. 

Mandarin oranges (juice, pulp, rind), leaves of mandarin orange tree, soil... 

DDT. With both the Eureka lemons and the Valencia oranges, trees were sprayed in a conventional manner with conventional high pressure equipment, and with the following mixtures ... 

Alva, A.K., J.H. Graham, and C.A. Anderson. 1995. Soil pH and copper effects on young Hamlin orange trees. Soil Sci. Soc. Amer. Jour. 59 481 -487. 

Thompson, C. R., and G. Kats. Effects of ambient concentrations of peroxyacetyl nitrate on navel orange trees. Environ. Sci. Technol. 9 35-38, 1975. 

Petitgrain oils are obtained by steam distillation of the leaves of citrus trees. The oils derived from the bitter orange tree are the most important. Other petitgrain oils (mandarinier, citronnier, and bergamottier) are less important. Petitgrain oil mandarinier is a source of natural methyl A -methylanthranilate, which is present at a concentration of nearly 50%. Petitgrain oils are essential constituents of eau de cologne. 

Petitgrain oil Paraguay is obtained from an acclimatized variety of the bitter orange tree. Citrus aurantium L. subsp. aurantium, which is grown in Paraguay. It is pale yellow liquid with a characteristic, strong, pleasant odor, reminiscent of linalool and linalyl acetate. 

WUfrr of WDotully. Pomegranate, 1-35 Ebony,, 1 83 Dutch. Boxwood. 1-82 Heart of Oak—sixty years old 1-17 Medlar, 0-94 Olive 0-92 French Bon wood 0-91 Spanish Mulberry,.,., 0 89 YsrtOtjofWfxri DttiBlfi/. Maple, 0-75 Cherry-tree 0-78 Orange-tree. 0-70 Elm—the trunk - 0-67 French Walnut 0-67 Pear-tree. 0-68 Spanish Cypress, O 04 Lime-tree 0-00 Hazel, 0-60 Willow 0 58... 

Figures 1A, 2A and 3A give representative dissipation curves for parathion, azinphosmethyl and methidathion on orange trees in California (6). Parathion dissipates with the formation of considerable amounts of paraoxon. Low volume application (100 gal/acre) of these insecticides results in high levels of OP residues and thus longer dissipation times to safe levels. Azinphosmethyl does not dissipate as rapidly as parathion under field conditions. Azinphosmethyl oxon is formed during the process and dissipates slowly with time. Azinphosmethyl oxon levels were determined only for azinphosmethyl at 6.0 lb AI per 100 gal/acre. Methidathion dissipates on citrus also with the formation of its oxon.

Figure 1A. Dissipation of paraihion (closed symbols) and paraoxon (open symbols) on orange trees by GC method (6). Key and , 10 lb Al paraihion/100 gal/acre and A and A, 10 lb Al paraihion/ 1,600 gal/acre and--------------, safe level for thion + oxon.

Figure IB. Dissipation of parathion (closed symbols) and paraoxon (open symbols) on orange trees by total OP method. Curves are drawn from Figure 1A. Key see Figure I A.

Ryan, G.F. (1965b). Effects of herbicides on growth and yield of orange trees. Citrus Veg. Mag., 18 22-23, 25. 

Petitgrain Oil, Paraguay Type, occurs as a yellow to brown-yellow liquid with a somewhat harsh, bittersweet, floral odor. It is the volatile oil obtained by steam distillation from the leaves and small twigs of the bitter orange tree, Citrus auran-tium L. subspecies amara (Fam. Rutaceae). It is soluble in most fixed oils and is soluble, with opalescence or turbidity,... 

When the temperature drops below freezing, farmers spray water on the orange trees. Energy is released by water as the water freezes, which warms the oranges and keeps the crop from freezing. 

The essential oils exist in all odorous vegetable tissues, sometimes pervading the plant, sometimes confined to a single part in some instances, contained in distinct cells, and partially retained after desiccation, in others, formed upon the surface, as in many flowers, and evaporating as soon as formed. Occasionally two or more oils are found in different parts of the same plant. Thus, the orange tree produces one oil in its leaves, another in its flowers, and a third in the rind of its fruit. 

Neroli oil and orange flower absolute are obtained from the blossoms of the bitter orange tree, Citrus aurantium L., which is grown in France, Italy, and North Africa [642]. Neroli oil is produced by steam distillation and is a pale yellow to amber-colored liquid, with a slight blue fluorescence and a characteristic sweet, spicy-bitter odor of orange blossom. 

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