Vitamin and oral contraceptives

Rose DP, Leklem JE, Brown RR, and Linkswiler HM (1975) Effect of oral contraceptives and vitamin Be deficiency on carbohydrate metabolism. American Journal of Clinical Nutrition 28, 872-8. 

Briggs, M., and Briggs, M., Oral contraceptives and vitamin nutrition. Lancet 1, 1234-1235 (1974). 

Some drugs, including oral contraceptives, and smoking tobacco, increase the body s demand for vitamins B, C and E. 

Isoniazid (isonicotinic acid hydrazide), a drug frequently used to treat tuberculosis, can induce a B6 deficiency by forming an iiactive derivative with pyridoxal phosphate. Dietary supplementation with B is, thus, an adjunct to isoniazide treatment. Otherwise, cletary deficiencies in pyridoxine are rare but have been observed in newborn infants fed formulas low in vitamin B6, in women taking oral contraceptives, and in alcoholics. 

The time of year and the point during the menstrual cycle during which vitamin D derivatives are measured may be important. In seven women there was a two-fold rise in the serum concentration of 1,25-dihydroxycolecalci-ferol on day 15 of the menstrual cycle compared with days 1 and 8, without a detectable change in the serum calcium concentration (187). This increase did not occur in five women taking oral contraceptives, and there was a small but significant fall in the serum calcium concentration. 

Under the headline Still time for rational debate about vitamin Bs the controversial debate on the safety of pyridoxine has been revived (8). Pyridoxine is marketed for stress in general, for depression associated with premenstrual syndrome and oral contraceptives, and for carpal tunnel syndrome, although it is doubtful that it has more than a placebo effect. It is legitimately prescribed in general deficiency states in doses starting at 150 mg/day. Adverse events include sensory neuropathy at oral doses about 2-3 g/day or more. 

R17. Rose, D. P., Strong, R., Folkard, J., and Adams, P. W., Erythrocyte aminotransferase activities in women using oral contraceptives and the effect of vitamin Ba supplementation. Amer. J. Clin. Nutr. 26, 48-52 (1973). 

A number of studies have suggested that oral contraceptives cause vitamin B deficiency. As a result of this, supplements of vitamin B of between 50 and 100 mg/day, and... 

Adams, P.W., Folkard, J., Wynn, V. and Seed, M. (1976) Influence of oral contraceptives, pyridoxinc (vitamin Bj), and tryptophan on carbohydrate metabolism. Lancet, 1, 759. 

The typical U.S. daily diet contains 1.1—3.6 mg of vitamin B, most coming from meats and vegetables. Poor diets may provide less than half of these amounts and less than the RDA. Some populations require higher amounts persons with high protein intakes, pregnant and lactating women, users of oral contraceptives, alcohoHcs, users of dmgs which interfere with vitamin B function, and those afflicted with some diseases. Several reviews have examined the relationship of vitamin B and specific diseases in more detail (4,23). 

The effects of warfarin may increase when administered with acetaminophen, NSAIDs, beta blockers, disulfiram, isoniazid, chloral hydrate, loop diuretics, aminoglycosides, cimetidine, tetracyclines, and cephalosporins. Oral contraceptives, ascorbic acid, barbiturates, diuretics, and vitamin K decrease the effects of warfarin. Because die effects of warfarin are influenced by many drugp, die patient must notify die nurse or die primary healdi care provider when taking a new drug or discontinuing... 

Oral contraceptive use and high ingestion of vitamin D and tea are associated with a decreased risk of RA.7... 

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