Options terminology

The basic terminology used in this review (Fig. 31.1 A) includes the precursor and product, where the precursor can either be labeled or unlabeled. When labeled, the precursor will also be referred to as the source since it supplies tracer to the progressively N enriched product pool. The process of isotope dilution refers to the addition of an unlabeled precursor to the source pool resulting in a decrease in the source isotopic ratio. The precursor could be known, such as for N03 isotope dilution where N02 is the only option, or unknown as with N02 isotope dilution where N03 or NH4+ could be the precursor. Isotopic equilibrium is achieved when the product pool has the same isotopic composition as the precursor pool and it is important to note that isotope dilution fosters this condition. At equihbrium, a rate can no longer be discerned by comparing the isotopic ratios of the pools. As suggested by the unidirectional arrows in Fig. 31.1, an assumption of the tracer method is that isotope recycfing does not occur. However, we know this... 

Mammino L. (2006). Terminology in Science and Technology — An Overview Through History and Options. Thohoyandow. Ditlou Publishers. 

Or" terminology used if choices are related one or several pieces made entirely or part of red, blue, or white. If unrelated choices, the use of "or" will lead to indefinite interpretation. Optionally" used if definite or if there are no ambiguities in the scope of the claim as a result of the choices offered. 

In PC A, components are associated with maximal variance directions. A fundamental assumption of PCA is that the variables are linearly related and variables are measured on the same scale. In the case where variables are measured on different scales, normalized PCA, where values are column mean centered and also divided by the column standard deviation prior to decomposition, must be used. Although most software packages only provide these two PCA options (same scale centered PCA different scales normalized), there are in fact several other options with PCA, and confusion can frequently arise from the use for the same terminology (PCA) for each option. PCA has problems with data with many zeros in them. Interpretation of PCA of microarray data is sometimes difficult, because much of the variance may not be associated with covariates or sample classes of interest. Thus, from a biological point of view, it is worth examining the variance associated with each axis carefully (fig. 5.5). 

At a known stage of the preliminary integral calculation, the integrals are either determined directly from experimental data by calculating from each analytical expression or computed from proper parametric terminology. The first choice is commonly viable for one-center integrals that result from spectroscopic data. The choice between the second option and the... 

The method in ASTM D 4031 95 is related to BS 6663 but cannot be said to be the same test, as the conditions of loading the yarns are different, dry heat and hot water options are used, and the actual loading of the yarns with weight pieces is different. Consequently the results from the two methods, i.e.. the BS and the ASTM, should not be compared. In fact even the terminology is different. The following definitions appear in ASTM D 4031-95a ... 

In discussing the example of a bond option in the previous section, we introduced a number of terms without actually naming them. Let s now define some of the terminology ... 

The time value of an option is the amount by which the option value exceeds the intrinsic value. Because of the risk they are taking on, illustrated in the payoff profiles above, option writers almost always demand premiums that are higher than the contracts intrinsic value. The value of an option that is out of the money is composed entirely of time value. Time value reflects the potential for an option to move into, or more deeply into, the money before expiry. It diminishes up to the option s expiry date, when it becomes zero. The price of an option on expiry is composed solely of intrinsic value. FIGURE 8.4 lists basic option market terminology. 

This standard establishes the different options for the recovery of plastics waste arising from pre-consumer and post-consumer sources. It also establishes the quality requirements that should be considered in all steps of the recovery process, and provides general recommendations for inclusion in material standards, test standards and product specifications. Consequently, the process stages, requirements, recommendations and terminology presented in the standard are intended to be of general applicability. 

In this chapter, the discussion surrounding this term applies to any virtual mode of distribution in which the seller provides no means for face-to-face contact with customers. In this context, print catalog and Internet sales are merely variants that differ in the medium through which customers obtain product information and communicate their desires. Indeed, increasingly rare is the virtual seller that does not accommodate nearly every available communication option. However, in describing the literature we will use the specific terminology used by the researchers, who in most cases draw motivation from Internet-based scenarios. 

The coding system shall help to define the bioresources place in the chain, to design and evaluate utilization options, as well as to work sector-comprehensive and sectorconnecting. It can be built on existing coding systems. Some sectors connected with bioresources have already terminologies and classification systems, which are adjusted to the primary goal of the respective sector. 

SDH has a similar structure although it uses a different terminology and has some options that are not allowed in SONET. The structure of SDH reflects two main viewpoints one from North America and one from the European community, as represented by the European Telecommunications Standards Institute (ETSl). The North American (SONET) viewpoint is that the optical network should be managed at the 50-Mb/s granularity (AU-3), whereas the ETSl viewpoint is that the network should be managed at the 150-Mb/s granularity (AU-4). 

Figure 15.38 shows the structure of SDH and highlights those components that are part of the SONET option, those that are part of the ETSl option, and those that are common. SDH terminology is shown, with the equivalent SONET terminology given in parentheses. Note that there are two boundaries within the common part, which cannot be crossed without choosing either the ETSl option or the SONET option. The first is that one option must be chosen to decide whether to carry the VT1.5 SPE within a VT2 or a VTl.5. The second is that one option must be chosen to decide whether to map the VT group into an STS-3c SPE or an STS-1 SPE. There is complete commonality in systems that map payloads directly into the STS-3C SPE. 

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