Operating Optimization

G. Smith, "Optimizing Operation of Low-Load Aeration Systems Wasting Mote. .. and Paying Less", presented at 15th Mnnual Conference of the Mlabama Association of Water Pollution Control, Orange Beach, Ala., Nov. 1991, available from Envirex Inc. 

Batch readers—optimum residence time for series and complex reactions, minimum cost, optimal operating temperature, and maximum rate of reaction... 

Optimization of the toleranees assigned to the toleranee staek to satisfy the assembly toleranee is required beeause of the risk of assigning impraetieal and eostly values. The toleranee staek models, presented later, do not optimize the toleranees and additional methods are required. The aetual optimization operations usually take the form of minimization or maximization of the results from the eost... 

The PMV index can be used to check whether a given thermal environment complies with specified comfort criteria and to establish requirements for different levels of acceptability. By setting PMV = 0, an equation is established that predicts combinations of activity, clothing, and environmental parameters that will provide a thermally neutral sensation. Figure 6.1 shows the optimal operative temperature as a function of activity and clothing for different levels of acceptability. 

For a given space there is an optimal operative temperature corresponding toPMV = Ojdependingontheactivityandtheclothingoftheoccupants. Figure 6.1 shows the optimal operative temperature and the permissible temperature... 

Thus for the optimal operation of a bateh filter, the filtration time and the down time are equal. In praetiee t > t due to eloth resistanee, whieh is negleeted in this simple analysis. 

Jones, A.G., 1974. Optimal operation of a batch cooling crystallizer. Chemical Engineering Science, 29, 1075-1087. 

In order to achieve the best efficiency the SEC column should be operated at optimized operating parameters. The most important ones are flow rate [cf. van Deemter equation for band-broadening effects (21)], sample viscosity (depends on molar mass and concentration of the sample), and injection volume (7). 

A. Gentilini, C. Migliorini, M. Mazzotti and M. Morbidelli, Optimal operation of simulated moving-bed units for non-linear cliromatograpliic separ ations. II. Bi-Langmuir isotherm , 7. Chromatogr. 805 37-44 (1998). 

Storti G., Baeioeehi R., Mazzotti M., Morbidelli M. (1995) Design of Optimal Operating Conditions of Simulated Moving Bed Adsorptive Units, Ind. Eng. Chem. Res. 34 288-301. 

Mazzotti M., Storti G., Morbidelli M. (1997) Optimal Operation of Simulated Moving Bed Units for Nonlinear Chromatographie Separations, J. Chromatogr. A 169 3-24. 

A Del Electronics, Model ESP-100A, electrostatic precipitator was used for sample collection. Cigarette smoke particles were found to give approx the same particle distribution pattern on the collection filter paper as the gunshot residue, and since the smoke stains the paper, this provided a v rapid technique for optimizing operation conditions. With a flow rate of 15cfm and a corona current of 125 uA, the residue collects primarily on a narrow band across the sample paper. Samples were collected on Whatman No 1541 filter paper which lined the inside of the sample collection tube. The presence of this paper allowed air to flow only thru the center of the tube, so particle collection was made upon the filter paper exclusively. The filter paper samples were pelletized prior to neutron activation analysis... 

The high temperature pyrolysis of PE, PP and mixtures of these polymers was studied in a novel bench-scale rotating eone reaetor to identify the optimal operating eonditions for this reaetor. It was shown that the effect of the sand or reaetor temperature on the product spectrum obtained was large eompared with the effect of other parameters, e.g. residenee time. 15 refs. 

The composite manufacturing process was manually operated and inconsistencies due to the human factors required more conservative operating conditions. If the process was automated the process conditions would approach the optimal operating conditions predicted here. 

Before putting a HEX in operation, it is necessary to characterize its properties in terms of heat and mass transfer, pressure drop, and hydrodynamics. A number of experimental methods have been presented and exemplified. These data are important to perform simulations and to define optimal operating conditions. 

We use computational solution of the steady Navier-Stokes equations in cylindrical coordinates to determine the optimal operating conditions.Fortunately in most CVD processes the active gases that lead to deposition are present in only trace amounts in a carrier gas. Since the active gases are present in such small amounts, their presence has a negligible effect on the flow of the carrier. Thus, for the purposes of determining the effects of buoyancy and confinement, the simulations can model the carrier gas alone (or with simplified chemical reaction models) - an enormous reduction in the problem size. This approach to CVD modeling has been used extensively by Jensen and his coworkers (cf. Houtman, et al.) ... 

Previously, we performed single- and multi-response optimization works in order to address optimal catalyst composition (%CaO and %MnO) and optimal operating conditions (temperature and CO2/CH4 feed ratio [3]. The maximum C2 selectivity and yield of 76.6% and 3.7%, respectively were achieved in multi-responses optimization over the 12.8% CaO-6.4% Mn0/Ce02 catalyst corresponding to the optimum reactor temperature being 1127 K and CO2/CH4 ratio being 2 [3]. The recent contribution on the catalyst technology of CO2 OCM was... 

In this paper we report the effect of varying loads on a small size DMFC stack (10 cells with 9 cm active-area each). The transient responses of the stack voltage have been investigated upon variable current load conditions to obtain the information on the dynamic characteristics of the stack. Also, the transient responses of the stack current upon changing fuel flow rates have been monitored to obtain the optimal operating conditions for the staek. 

Figure 8.23. The solid and monotonically declining line to the right represents the equilibrium curve. The four curves represent lines with constant rates in the same plot. Since we want to operate at points where of maximum ammonia concentration, the optimal operation line is defined as the line running parallel to the equilibrium curve, passing through all the maxima. [Adapted from I. Dybkjaer, in Ammonia Catalysis and Manufacture (1995) Ed. A. Nielsen. Springer-Verlag, Berlin/Heidelberg, p. 199.]...

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