Optimization of tablet

In the optimization of tablet formulations, different approaches can be used. The one variable at a time method requires many experiments and there is no guarantee that an optimal formulation is achieved. Moreover the interaction between different factors, which may influence the tablet properties, will not be detected [10]. The use of an experimental design can be helpful in the optimization of tablet formulations. Mixture designs can be used to describe the response (tablet properties) as a function of the... 

Dawoodbhai S, Suryanarayan ER, Woodruff CW. Optimization of tablet formulations containing talc. Drug Dev Ind Pharm 1991 17 1343-1371. 

Soares L, Ortega G, Petrocick P, Schmidt P (2005) Optimization of tablets containing a high dose of spray-dried plant extract a technical note. AAPS PharmSciTech 6 3... 

Chowhan ZT, Amaro AA. Optimization of tablet friability, maximum attainable crushing strength, weight variation and in vitro dissolution by estabhshing in-process variable controls. Drug Dev Ind Pharm 1988 14(4) 1079-1106. 

Colbourn EA, Rowe RC. Modelling and optimization of a tablet formulation using neural networks and genetic algorithms. Pharm Tech Eur 1996 8(9) 46-55. 

Rocksloh K, Rapp F-R, Abu Abed S, Mueller W, Reher M, Gauglitz G, Schmidt PC. Optimization of crushing strength and disintegration time of a high dose plant extract tablet by neural networks. Drug Dev Ind Pharm 1999 25 1015-25. 

Ibric S, Jovanovic M, Djuric A, Parojcic J, Petrovic SD, Solomun L, Stupor B. Artificial neural networks in the modelling and optimization of aspirin extended release tablets with Eudragit LlOO as matrix substance. Pharm Sci Tech 2003 4 62-70. 

Wu et al. [46] used the approach of an artificial neural network and applied it to drug release from osmotic pump tablets based on several coating parameters. Gabrielsson et al. [47] applied several different multivariate methods for both screening and optimization applied to the general topic of tablet formulation they included principal component analysis and... 

Cyclic voltammetry, square-wave voltammetry, and controlled potential electrolysis were used to study the electrochemical oxidation behavior of niclosamide at a glassy carbon electrode. The number of electrons transferred, the wave characteristics, the diffusion coefficient and reversibility of the reactions were investigated. Following optimization of voltammetric parameters, pH, and reproducibility, a linear calibration curve over the range 1 x 10 6 to 1 x 10 4 mol/dm3 niclosamide was achieved. The detection limit was found to be 8 x 10 7 mol/dm3. This voltammetric method was applied for the determination of niclosamide in tablets [33]. 

When tablet formulations are made, usually different quality criteria have to be met, e.g., a high crushing strength, a low disintegration time, a pre-set dissolution profile. A tablet consists normally of the pharmacon (the pharmacologically active compound the drug) and excipients. Hence, a tablet can be made with different relative amounts of excipients (a mixture composition) and this creates room for optimizing a tablet... 

For the optimization of, for instance, a tablet formulation, two strategies are available a sequential or a simultaneous approach. The sequential approach consists of a series of measurements where each new measurement is performed after the response of the previous one is knovm. The new experiment is planned according to a direction in the search space that looks promising with respect to the quality criterion which has to be optimized. Such a strategy is also called a hill-climbing method. The Simplex method is a well known example of such a strategy. Textbooks are available that describe the Simplex methods [20]. 

Venkatesh GM, Coleman JAN, Wrzosek TJ, et al. Fractional factorial designs for optimizing experimental conditons for Hiestand s indices of tabletting performance. Powder Technol 1998 97 151-159. 

Nazzal, S., Nutan, M., Palamakula, A., Shah, R., Zaghloul, A.A., and Khan, M.A. (2002) Optimization of a self-nanoemulsi ed tablet dosage form of Ubiquinone using response surface methodology effect of formulation ingredientslnt. J. Pharm., 240 103-114. 

Application/spray rate The optimal application/spray rate should be determined. Spraying too fast will cause the tablets to become overwet, resulting in clumping of tablets and possible dissolution of the tablet surface. Spraying too slowly will cause the coating materials to dry... 

H. R. Chueh, H. Zia, and C. T. Rhodes. Optimization of sotalol floating and bioadhesive extended release tablet formulations. Drug Dev. Ind. Pharm. 21 1725-1748, 1995. 

Rotthauser, B., Kraus, G., and Schmidt, P. C. (1998), Optimization of an effervescent tablet formulations containing spray-dried L-leucine and polyethylene glycol 6000 as lubricants using a central composite design, Eur. J. Pharm. Biopharm., 46, 85-94. 

Case Study Optimization of Inert Matrix Tablets for Controlled Release of Dextromethorphan Hydrobromide... 

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