Optical properties conductive polymers

One of the big drawbacks associated with the use of many conducting polymers as electrochromic materials is their low cycle life stability. To overcome this, and other electrochromic properties, many composite materials have been studied. These composites include mixtures with other optically complementary, conducting polymers and inorganic electrochromes, such as tungsten trioxide and Prussian Blue, and colour enhancing agents or redox indicators, exemplified by the inherently electrochromic indigo carmine (1.96). °... 

Some materials are rendered nonelectrospinnable due to their low molecular weight, limited solubihty, unsuitable molecular arrangement, or lack of the requisite viscoelastic properties. Conductive polymers, metals or some natural polymers that cannot form hbers by themselves for these reasons can be spun using this approach and can hnd applications in the electronics, optics and biomedical helds. The obvious requirements for this approach are that the sheath polymer be effectively electrospinnable by itself and possess appropriate viscosity. ... 

Conducting, ferromagnetic, and nonlinear optical properties of polymers"... 

These observations provide a potential route to tailoring the properties (electronic, electrical, and optical) of conductive polymers, in this case HCSA fully doped polyaniline emeraldine salt. The reduced solubility of the film after exposure to m-cresol vapor also opens the door to a new method for the preparation of... 

Polymers are sensitive to ionizing radiation and can be modified with low ion doses. In addition to the fundamental aspects of structural changes, there are several application-related investigations under way. In the electronics packaging industry and for the protective coating of metals [45, 46], the problem of adhesion between metal and polymer may be solved by ion irradiation [47]. Electrical properties such as conductivity as well as the optical properties of polymers can be modified, and as a result investigations in the field of passive optical devices are in progress [48-50]. 

The polysdanes are normally electrical insulators, but on doping with AsF or SbF they exhibit electrical conductivity up to the levels of good semiconductors (qv) (98,124). Conductivities up to 0.5 (H-cm) have been measured. However, the doped polymers are sensitive to air and moisture thereby making them unattractive for practical use. In addition to semiconducting behavior, polysilanes exhibit photoconductivity and appear suitable for electrophotography (qv) (125—127). Polysdanes have also been found to exhibit nonlinear optical properties (94,128). 

These results illustrate that electrochemical techniques can be employed to synthesize a vast range of [Si(Pc)0]n-based molecular metals/conductive polymers with wide tunability in optical, magnetic, and electrical properties. Moreover, the structurally well-defined and well-ordered character of the polymer crystal structure offers the opportunity to explore structure/electro-chemical/collective properties and relationships to a depth not possible for most other conductive polymer systems. On a practical note, the present study helps to define those parameters crucial to the fabrication, from cheap, robust phthalocyanines, of efficient energy storage devices. 

In the field of polymer chemistry the regio- and stereoselectivity of the Diels-Alder reaction is used for the concerted synthesis of structurally homogeneous double-stranded ladder polymers [39], which are useful materials with nonlinear optical properties and high electrical conductivity. It has turned out that the repeated Diels-Alder method is superior to an alternative two-step process, in which first an open chain precursor is formed followed by polymer ring closure as structural defects can occur [40]. 

CNT-doped conducting polymers possess improved mechanical, chemical, and optical properties. They also provide a simple strategy for making aligned CNTs. The disappearance of the characteristic peaks of carbon nanotubes in the FTIR spectrum of polymer/CNT composite films is normally an indication of perfect enwrapping of CNTs with the deposited conducting polymer [162, 163], Zhang et al. [40] have studied the... 

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