Optical pillars

Fig. 15.2. Top Experimental setup. Bottom Optical pillars generated beyond the focus by the propagation of slightly focused (/ 40 m) fs-TW laser pulses carrying 760 critical powers. The discontinuities in the optical pillars are due to inhomogeneities in the fog scattering them. The non-linear distance scale (from the laser output port) is due to the parallax [16]...

The product crystals find industrial application as a component raw material for optical glass, fibreglass, Braun tubes, electric condensers, barium ferrite, etc. Needles shaped crystals are obtained at high pH, while pillar-shaped crystals are formed at neutral pH. The formation of carboxyl ions is via hydroxy ions at high pH, but at neutral pH it may accompany the production of hydrogen sulphide, as... 

Gayral, B., Gerard, J.M., Legrand, B., Costard E., and Thierry-Mieg V., 1998, Optical study of GaAs/AlAs pillar microcavities with elhptical cross section, Appl. Phys. Lett. 72(12) 1998, 1421-1423. 

In another approach, optical absorbance detection was achieved in an injection-molded PMMA flow cell consisting of 1800 pillars (25 pm high) that were used as diffraction elements. The LOD of Nile blue A perchlorate was determined to be 1.2 pM [713],... 

Material science can also benefit from oligomeric state of proteins. New retinal nano-ceramic materials with pillared hybrid micro-structures were fabricated for potential applications in optical holographic data storage. It was observed that the Schiff bases in retinal have substantial effect on optical properties of nano-ceramic films as well as diffraction efficiency for holographic storage. This study indicates feasibility of optimizing optical properties of nano-ceramic clay systems using Schiff bases for a variety of photonic applications.40... 

Microporous hosts related to zeolites, i.e., Cu(II)-exchanged alumina- and chromia-pillared layered a-Sn- and Zr-phosphates, have been studied for the polymerization of pyrrole introduced from the vapor phase. XPS data and optical spectra suggested that more than one type of polymer was formed in the pillared hosts, with mixed neutral/bipolaron states on low-oxidation level polymer. The absence of significant conductance (less than 10 S/cm) was associated with short pol5uneric units. 

It is becoming clear that to meet the OEM s requirements which now nearly always have a combination of problems, these problems will be resolved by building up the substrate as the circuit is produced. Different layers will be added to cope with high speed signals, or to stiffen the board or to modify the thermal expansion. Heat removal will be done through heat pillars or openings in the dielectric. In Japan, fibre optical cables are being... 

FIGURES 6-24 AND 25. Optical transforms from computer models shown in Figures 6-22 and 6-23, respectively. Notice the diffuse scattering spots, which are similar to ED patterns arising from pillared rectorite crystals (i.e.. Figure 6-20). 

Lamellar double hydroxides are part of, or are precursors of, a more general family of compounds designated as pillared layered structures (PLS). We quote some terms used to describe them (Mitchell 1990 Van Damme 1990). Pillared Layered Structures are nanocomposite materials prepared by linking molecules or colloids to a layered host. They exhibit a remarkably broad spectrum of structural, chemical, electronic, ionic, optical and magnetic properties, and provide supermesh host structures in which chemical reactions or physical processes can proceed under gas-phase conditions, but at liquid/solid state densities. They can be shaped as powders, pellets, or supported or self-standing Aims, and can be dispersed in solid or liquid matrices. 

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