Oocyte mutation

Straume, T., T.C. Kwan, L.S. Goldstein, and R.L. Dobson. 1991. Measurement of neutron-induced genetic damage in mouse immature oocytes. Mutat. Res. 248 123-133. 

Santalo, J., Estop, A M. Egozcue, J. (1987) The genotoxic effect of p-propiolactone on mammalian oocytes. Mutat. Res., 189, 407-416... 

Pedersen, R.A., and F. Mangia. Ultraviolet-light-induced unscheduled DNA synthesis by resting and growing mouse oocytes. Mutat. Res. 49 425-429, 1978. 

Y. Tazima and K. Onimaru, Results of mutagenicity testing for some nitrofuran derivatives in a sensitive test system with silkworm oocytes, Mutat. Res. 26, 440 (1974). 

C. Tiveron, F. Marchetti, B. Bassani and F. Pacchierotti, Griseofulvin-induced aneuploidy and meiotic delay in female mouse germ cells. I. Cytogenetic analysis of metaphase II oocytes, Mutat. Res., 1992, 266, 143-150. 

An additional sequence element within the mouse ZP3 promoter has been identified as the binding site of an oocyte-specific protein called OSP-1 (Schickler et al., 1992), although the possible effect of mutations of this element on transcriptional activity has not been established. Nonetheless, it is interesting that a similar sequence (GATGA) is present 40 nucleotides upstream of the c-mos transcription initiation site (Fig. 5), although deletion of this element had no discernible effect on the activity of the c-mos promoter in microinjected oocytes (Pal et al., 1991). 

Kamiguchi Y., and K. Mikamo, Dose Response Relationship for Induction of Structural Chromosome Aberrations in Chinese Hamster Oocytes After X-Irradiation, Mutation Research 103 33-37 (1982). 

Peng F, Mellor IR, Williamson MS, Davies TG, Field LM, Usherwood PN (2009) Single channel study of deltamethrin interactions with wild-type and mutated rat Nav1.2 sodium channels expressed in Xenopus oocytes. Neurotoxicology 30 358-367... 

Lee SH, Soderlund DM (2001) The V410M mutation associated with pyrethroid resistance in Heliothis virescens reduces the pyrethroid sensitivity of house fly sodium channels expressed in Xenopus oocytes. Insect Biochem Mol Biol 31 19-29... 

Doeonkin, S., Djagaeva, I., Beckendoee, S. K. CSN5/Jabl mutations affect axis formation in the Drosophila oocyte by activating a meiotic checkpoint. Development 2002, 329, 5053-5064. 

In single studies, when given in vivo, P-propiolactone induced gene mutations in the stomach and liver in the Muta Mouse, and DNA strand breaks in rat liver and mouse skin keratinocytes. In a single study, it induced chromosomal aberrations in rat bone-marrow cells in vivo. p-Propiolactone bound covalently to mouse skin DNA and RNA in vivo. It induced chromosomal aberrations or micronuclei in oocytes, spermatids, hepatocytes and splenocytes in mice in vivo. 

Sex helps to remove deleterious mutations from a population.243 A large fraction of human fetuses (at least 10-25%) contain an "incorrect" number of chromosomes and as many as 20% of oocytes are defective. In contrast only 3-4% of sperm are chromosomally abnormal. Female meiosis I appears to be highly error-prone.243a Abnormal fertilized eggs or embryos are eliminated later in development. 

Morrill JA, Cannon SC (1999) Effects of mutations causing hypokalaemic periodic paralysis on the skeletal muscle L-type Ca2+ channel expressed in Xenopus laevis oocytes. J Physiol 520 Pt 2 321-336. 

The effects of the mutations on functional responses were determined on thrombin receptors that were expressed in Xenopus oocytes. Agonist-stimulated calcium efflux with human a-thrombin (10 nM) and SFLLRNP-NH2 (40 pM), as described previously,29 was employed to determine the functional responsiveness of the receptor. 

Requires IVF to recover strain Requires appropriate oocyte donor strain Some strains and mutations adversely affect IVF success. Offspring will be heterozygotes... 

Once a strain is frozen as sperm we strongly recommend that 1-2 straws be used to assess the quality of the sperm post-thaw. Although various devices exist to measure sperm motility etc., the only relevant test for sperm function is an actual IVF. Additionally, fertilization rates vary widely among commonly available inbred strains also the introduction of mutations and genetic modifications into a strain can have indirect and unanticipated effects on the quantity and quality of oocytes and sperm produced, as well their performance during IVF (12, 17). 

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