On-site drug testing

On-Site Drug Testing, edited by Amanda J. Jenkins and Bruce A. Goldberger,... 

On-site drug test devices for urine and saliva are designed for easy, rugged, and portable use by nontechnical personnel. Although they are relatively simple to use, proper training of nonlaboratory users is important for optimal performance. - - ... 

Some on-site drug test devices use dye-conjugated, drug-specific antibodies in place of microparticles. Otherwise, test principles are the same as those for the microparticle capture immunoassay. Test devices in this format include AccuSign (Princeton Biomeditech Corp., Princeton, N.J.) and Syva Rapid Test (Dade Behring, Newark, Del.). 

On-site drug testing. Jenkins AJ, Goldberger BA (eds). Humana Press, Totowa, NJ, 2002. 

Dubowski KM (2002) Analysis of ethanol in saliva. In Jenkins AJ and Goldberger BA (eds.) On-Site Drug Testing, pp. 77-93. Totowa Humana Press. 

Table 3 Descriptions of noninstrumental Immunoassay kits for qualitative on-site drug testing ...

For any new excipients, APIs or drug products (where new does not necessarily mean novel, but new to the receiving site) there are additional testing criteria, e.g. supplier audits, third-party contract laboratory audits, analytical method transfers, sample management/tracking, etc. For those key excipients, where there is on-site historical experience, it still behoves both parties to check whether the local grade/supplier used by the CMO is equivalent to that used by the supplier (Worsham, 2010). There are many examples of differences in excipient physical properties, e.g. particle size, which have been attributed to different excipient sources that could ultimately impact on the performance of those excipients in formulated products (Frattini and Simioni, 1984 Dansereau and Peck, 1987 Phadke et al., 1994 Lin and Peck, 1994). 

The initial testing was cautious, mainly establishing the minimal effective doses for each of a series of new belladonnoids. Sometimes, however, the quality and quantity of on-site staffing was not what it should have been. On one visit, I became quite upset with the prison staffs lack of expertise regarding psychoactive drug effects. Dr. Kligman came down to Edgewood to meet with some of us and discuss this problem. 

The library contains over 16,000 documents related to psychoactives including images, research summaries abstracts, media articles, experience reports, information on chemistry, dosage, effects, law, health, traditional spiritual use, and drug testing. Nearly 25,000 people visit the site each day, making more than 2.8 million unique visitors in the past year. 

Participants used the pupillometer three occasions each week, on days when they provided a urine sample for drug testing. Urine was analyzed on-site for amphetamines, barbiturates, benzodiazepines, cocaine, marijuana metabolites, phencyclidine, and opiates. Subjects were compensated for successful pupillary tests with a 2 coupon redeemable at a fast food restaurant chain. 

To evaluate chemical and drug safety, different animal species are used. Blood is collected to estimate different parameters of drug toxicity under test. The collection of blood from different sites in test animals, along with specific needle size, has been recommended by regulatory bodies and international agencies (Table 12-4). Based on the size of the laboratory animal(s) and the requirement of the blood needed to generate quality data, blood is withdrawn from each test animal. This is to avoid withdrawal of a large volume of blood and to avoid injury to the test animal (Table 12-5). 

George S, Braithwaite RA. Use of on-site testing for drugs of abuse. Clin Chem 2002 48 1639-1646. 

Peace MR, Poklis JL, Tarnai LD, Poldis A. An evaluation of the OnTrak Testcup -er on-site urine drug testing device for drugs commonly encountered from emergency departments. J Anal Toxicol 2002 26 500-3. 

Taylor EH, Oertli EH, Wolfgang JW, MueEer E. Accuracy of five on-site immunoassay drugs-of-abuse testing devices. J Anal Toxicol 1999 23 119-24. 

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