On neutron capture

K. Shelly, M.F. Hawthorne, and P.G. Schmidt, 1991, Proceeding of the 4th International Symposium on Neutron Capture Therapy for Cancer. 

E. Bohl, J. Carlsson, K. Edwards, S. Sjflberg, and L. Gedda, "SLT-particles for two-step targeting in boron neutron capture therapy". Proceedings from the Eight International Symposium on Neutron Capture Thearpy. In press 1999. 

Figure 2 The s-process and r-process abundances in solar system matter (based upon the work by Kappeler et aL, 1989). Note the distinctive s-process signature at masses A —88, 138, and 208 and the corresponding r-process signatures at A — 130 and 195, all attributable to closed-shell effects on neutron capture cross-sections. It is the r-process pattern thus extracted from solar system abundances that can be compared with the observed heavy element patterns in extremely metal-deficient stars (the total solar system abundances for the heavy elements are those compiled by Anders and Grevesse, 1989), which are very similar to those from the compilation of Palme and Jones (see Chapter 1.03).

Research and Development in Neutron Capture Therapy, Proceedings of the International Congress on Neutron Capture Therapy, 10th, Essen, Germany, Sept. 8-13, 2002, ed. W. Sauerwein, R. Moss and A. Wittig, Monduzzi Editore, Bologna, Italy, 2002 R 298 I. Maulana, A. Sterzik, P. Loennecke, S. Blaurock, E. Rys and E. Hey-Hawkins, Synthesis and Coordination Properties of Carbaboranylphos-phines , p. 25... 

Nigg, D. W. Wheeler, E. J. Wessol, D. E. Wemple, C. A. Babcock, R. Capala, J. In Advances in Neutron Capture Therapy, Proceedings of the Seventh International Symposium on Neutron Capture Therapy for Cancer, Zurich, Switzerland, Sept. 4—7, 1996 Larsson, B. Crawford, J. Weinreich, R. Eds. Elsevier, Amsterdam, 1997, Volume 1, pp. 91-94. 

Scintillators which have hydrogen as a constituent, such as organic liquids for example, may be used for fast neutron detection, since the protons produced by fast neutron collisions create the ionization required to operate the detector. In order to adapt a sodium iodide scintillator for the detection of slow neutrons, a small concentration of boron may be distributed in the crystal, giving a particles on neutron capture as discussed above. Alternatively, it is possible to add a neutron absorber which emits 7 rays following the (n, y) capture reaction. Another possibility is the use of lithium iodide (Lil) which, in addition to its own suitability as a scintillator, interacts with neutrons through the reaction... 

Y. Oda, M. Takagaki, S. Miy atake, H. Kikuchi, Gadolinium atom on neutron capture therapy. Intraoperative Radiation Therapy, M. Abe and M. Takahashi (Ed.), Pergamon Press, 1988, p. 156. 

He is an author of more than 120 publications, reviews, book chapters and patents he was member of the Organizing Committee of the Summer School of Organic Synthesis "A. Corbella" at the University of Milan (1997-1998), of the XVII International Symposium on Carbohydrate Chemistry (Milan, 1996) and of the 13th International Congress on Neutron Capture Therapy (Florence, 2008). He is currently member elected of the Board of Councilors of the International Society for Neutron Capture Therapy (ISNCT). 

Miller, P. S, Fang, K. N., Konda, N. S., and Ts o, P. O. P (1971) Syntheses and properties of adenine and thymine nucleoside alkyl phosphotriesters, the neutral analogs of dinucleoside monophosphates. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 93,6657-6665. Laster, B H., Schinazi, R. F., Fairchild, R. G, Popenoe, E. A, and Sylvester, B (1985) Neutron Capture Therapy, Proc. 2nd Int Sym. (pub. 1986), 46-54. Kobayashi, T and Konda, K. (1984) Boron-10 dosage in cell nucleus for neutron capture therapy—Boron selective dose ratio Proceeding of the First International Symposium on Neutron Capture Therapy, October 12-14,1983, BNL Report No. 51730, pp. 120-127. 

Gabel, D, Larsson, B., and Rowe, W. R (1984) Biological effect of the B-10 [n,0t]-Li reaction simulation by Monte Carlo calculations. Proceedings of the First International Symposium on Neutron Capture Therapy, October 12-14, 1983, BNL Report No 51730, pp. 128-133... 

Several portions of Section 4, Properties of Atoms, Radicals, and Bonds, have been significantly enlarged. For example, the entries under Ionization Energy of Molecular and Radical Species now number 740 and have an additional column with the enthalpy of formation of the ions. Likewise, the table on Electron Affinities of the Elements, Molecules, and Radicals now contains about 225 entries. The Table of Nuclides has material on additional radionuclides, their radiations, and the neutron capture cross sections. 

The isotope molybdenum-99 is produced in large quantity as the precursor to technetium-99y, a radionucleide used in numerous medical imaging procedures such as those of bone and the heart (see Medical imaging technology). The molybdenum-99 is either recovered from the fission of uranium or made from lighter Mo isotopes by neutron capture. Typically, a Mo-99 cow consists of MoO adsorbed on a lead-shielded alumina column. The TcO formed upon the decay of Mo-99 by P-decay, = 66 h, has less affinity for the column and is eluted or milked and either used directly or appropriately chemically derivatized for the particular diagnostic test (100). 

Occurrence and Recovery. Rhenium is one of the least abundant of the naturally occurring elements. Various estimates of its abundance in Earth s cmst have been made. The most widely quoted figure is 0.027 atoms pet 10 atoms of silicon (0.05 ppm by wt) (3). However, this number, based on analyses for the most common rocks, ie, granites and basalts, has a high uncertainty. The abundance of rhenium in stony meteorites has been found to be approximately the same value. An average abundance in siderites is 0.5 ppm. In lunar materials, Re, when compared to Re, appears to be enriched by 1.4% to as much as 29%, relative to the terrestrial abundance. This may result from a nuclear reaction sequence beginning with neutron capture by tungsten-186, followed by p-decay of of a half-hfe of 24 h (4) (see Extraterrestrial materials). 

Y. Mi shim a, The Second Japan-Mustralia International Workshop on Thermal Neutron Capture Therapyfor Malignant Melanoma, Vol. 2—4, Kobe, Japan, 1989, pp. 223-386. 

Neutron capture and P emission forms nuclei of ever higher atomic number. Neutron capture and P emission by Co (Z = 27) produces Ni (Z = 28), Ni produces Cu (Z = 29), and so on up the atomic-number ladder Neutron capture and P emission form all possible stable nuclides during the lifetime of a second-generation star. 

Much attention has recently been focused on organoboronic acids and their esters because of their practical usefulness for synthetic organic reactions including asymmetric synthesis, combinatorial synthesis, and polymer synthesis [1, 3, 7-9], molecular recognition such as host-guest compounds [10], and neutron capture therapy in treatment of malignant melanoma and brain tumor ]11]. New synthetic procedures reviewed in this article wiU serve to find further appHcations of organoboron compounds. 

Measurements of " Th in sediment samples (Aller and Cochran 1976 Cochran and Aller 1979) used much the same approach as outlined above. In this case, the dried sediment sample ( 10 g) was leached with strong mineral acid (HCl) in the presence of a yield monitor (generally Th, an artificial Th isotope resulting from the decay of Th that is produced by neutron capture on Th). Thorium was separated from U and purified by ion exchange chromatography, and electrodeposited onto stainless steel planchets. Counting and determination of " Th activity followed the procedure outlined above. 

---