On mixtures

Zwolinski (Executive Officer) "International Data Series Selected Data on Mixtures," Thermodynamics Research Center, Chemistry Department, Texas A M University, College Station, Texas 77843 (continuing since 1973). ... 

Measurements of pressure driven fluxes may also be performed on mixtures, and here care must be exercised in interpretation, since the fluxes of the two substances are not in proportion to their mole fractions in the mixture. Consequently the fluxes and must, in principle, be measured... 

Hair straightening compositions based on mixtures of ammonium bisulfite [10192-30-0] and urea [57-13-6] have been introduced and have found some apphcation in the Caucasian hair market. The reformulation of the cystine cross-links in bisulfite-reduced hair is best accompHshed by a rinse, pH 8—10, rather than by the use of oxidizing agents (66). 

Titanium siUcides are used in the preparation of abrasion- and heat-resistant refractories. Compositions based on mixtures of Ti Si, TiC, and diamond have been claimed to make wear-resistant cutting-tool tips (157). Titanium siUcide can be used as an electric—resistant material, in electrically conducting ceramics (158), and in pressure-sensitive elastic resistors, the electric resistance of which varies with pressure (159). 

Mixed cation and strong-hase anion (chemical-equivalent mixture) 40 max. (16) 1.2 (47) 50 (122) 0.2-0.. 35 (based on mixture) Same as cation and anion individually... 

Dibenzoylmcthane has been prepared by the hydrolysis of dibenzoyl acetic acid 1 by the slow spontaneous decomposition of acetyl dibenzoyl methane 2 by the action of metallic sodium,3 sodium ethylate,3 sodium methylate,4 alchoholic potash,4 or sodamide 5 on mixtures of acetophenone and ethyl benzoate and by the action of alcoholic potash,6 sodium methylate,7 or sodium ethylate 8 on benzalacetophenone dibromide. 

In this section we review the measurements that have been made recently on simple systems, that is, on mixtures where one or both of the components is composed of simple molecules for which something is known of the intermolecular forces. In each system the gaseous component is listed first. 

Our data will simulate spectra collected on mixtures that contain 4 different components dissolved in a spectrally inactive solvent. We will suppose that we have measured the concentrations of 3 of the components with referee methods. The 4th component will be present in varying amounts in all of the samples, but we will not have access to any information about the concentrations of the 4th component. 

Similar results have been obtained at Witco with eye irritation tests on mixtures made from sodium lauryl ether sulfate and the sodium salt of a sulfosuccinate monoester [105], as shown in Fig. 15. Figure 16 shows one third re-... 

When representing the dependence of laminar flame speed (S°) on mixture preheat temperature (TJ in the form of S°(T, (Z>)/S°(To,(Z>) = (T /Tq)", where Tq is the lowest unburned mixture temperature investigated for a given fuel/air composition, the current experimental data can be correlated well with n in the... 

Gao, J., Matsumoto, Y, and Nishida, K., Effect of Injection Pressure and Nozzle Hole Diameter on Mixture Properties of D.I. Diesel Spray, JSAE, 20065442, 2000. 

Absorbance measurements on mixtures of Sb(V) and Sb(III) in hydrochloric acid media, have led Whitney and Davidson - to propose a dimeric equilibrium... 

Table XXXIV.—Heats of Fusion and Energy of Interaction Constants as Obtained from Melting Point Measurements on Mixtures of Cellulose Tributyrate with Diluents s...

Klecka GM, WJ Maier (1988) Kinetics of microbial growth on mixtures of pentachlorophenol and chlorinated aromatic compounds. Biotechnol Bioeng 31 328-335. 

Note that many original contributions are presented in this book (on mixture flash points and autoignition temperatures). 

OzgenKaracan C. and Okandan E. Assessment of energetic heterogenitiesof coals for gas adsorption and its effect on mixture predictions for coalbed methane studies. 2000 Fuel 79(15) 1963-1974. 

Obtaining a good quality QSAR model depends on many factors, such as the quality of biological data and the choice of descriptors and statistical methods. As a consequence, the uncertainty of the QSAR predictions is a combination of experimental uncertainties and model uncertainties. QSAR methods have to be applied to individual chemicals, not on mixtures. If the QSAR demands it, the components of the mixture have to be addressed separately and individually - in case of unknown compounds, QSAR cannot identify the toxicity risk and is therefore not useful. 

Elliot, M. A. et al., Kept. Invest. No. 4169, Washington, US Bin. Mines, 1948 Tests of sensitivity to initiation by heat, impact, shock or ignition sources were made on mixtures of a variety of absorbent materials containing a stoicheiometric amount of 40-70% perchloric acid. Wood meal with 70% acid ignited at 155°C and a mixture of coal and 60% acid which did not ignite below 200° C ignited at 90° C when metallic iron was added. Many of the mixtures were more sensitive and dangerous than common explosives. 

There is no question that the development and commercialization of lithium ion batteries in recent years is one of the most important successes of modem electrochemistiy. Recent commercial systems for power sources show high energy density, improved rate capabilities and extended cycle life. The major components in most of the commercial Li-ion batteries are graphite electrodes, LiCo02 cathodes and electrolyte solutions based on mixtures of alkyl carbonate solvents, and LiPF6 as the salt.1 The electrodes for these batteries always have a composite structure that includes a metallic current collector (usually copper or aluminum foil/grid for the anode and cathode, respectively), the active mass comprises micrometric size particles and a polymeric binder. 

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