On memory

Aspects of the job requiring excessive demands on memory (task steps omitted or misordered)... 

Take notes You need to know where you are - what has been agreed to, what remains to be resolved. Don t rely on memory. Take notes and then summarize your agreement in a memorandum. 

Vermeeren A, Jackson JL, Muntjewerff ND, et al Comparison of acute alprazolam (0.25, 0.50 and 1.0 mg) effects versus those of lorazepam 2 mg and placebo on memory in healthy volunteers using laboratory and telephone tests. Psychopharmacology (Berl) 118 1-9, 1995... 

FIGURE 10 Effect of bethanechol on memory in lesioned rats. Be-thanechol was released from PCPP-SA 50 50 implanted intracerebrally in rats. The effect of the bethanechol released on the performance of lesioned rats in a radial maze test was performed as described in the text. 

Despite the clear loss of somatostatin in AzD a synthetic analogue L-363586 had no beneficial effect on memory loss. 

CD45RO Known to be the isoform of leukosialin present on memory T cells CD46 Known to be z membrane cofactor protein... 

Health Initiative Memory Study reported that hormone replacement with either estrogen alone or estrogen plus medroxyprogesterone resulted in negative effects on memory.22... 

Some studies have gotten opposite or equivocal results for memory tasks. Caffeine can actually decrease immediate word list recall, at least under some circumstances.68 69 It has even been shown to amplify the detrimental effects of alcohol on memory.70 Complicating the picture further, other studies have shown that caffeine has no effect on recall.7-53-71... 

Erikson, G. The effects of caffeine on memory for word lists. Physiology and... 

DeVreese LP, Neri M, Boiardi R, Ferrari P, Belloi L and Salvioli G (1996). Memory training and drug therapy act differently on memory and metamemory functioning Evidence from a pilot study. Archives of Gerontology and Geriatrics, S5, 9-22. 

Hall JL, Gonder-Fredrick LA, Chewing WW, Silvera J and Gold PE (1989). Glucose enhancement of performance on memory tests in young and aged humans. Neuropsychologica, 27, 1129-1138. 

Messier C, Pierre J, Desrochers A and Gravel M (1998). Dose-dependent action of glucose on memory processes in women Effect on serial position and recall priority. Brain Research Cognition, 7, 221-233. 

Miller LL and Branconnier RJ (1983). Cannabis Effects on memory and the cholinergic limbic system. Psychological Bulletin, 93, 441-456. 

Rigney U, Kimber S and Hindmarch I (1999). The effects of acute doses of standardised Ginkgo biloba extract on memory and psychomotor performance in volunteers. Phytotherapy Research, 13, 408 415. 

Thompson JM, Neave N, Moss MC, Scholey AB, Wesnes K and Girdler NM (1999). Cognitive properties of sedation agents Comparison of the effects of nitrous oxide and midazolam on memory and mood. British Dental Journal, 187, 557-562. 

Tildesley NTJ, Kennedy DO, Perry EK, Ballard CG, Savalev S, Wesnes KA, Hylands P and Scholey AB (2003). Salvia lavandulaefolia (Spanish sage) enhances on memory in healthy young volunteers. Pharmacology, Biochemistry and Behavior, 75, 669-674. 

Packard, M. G., Teather, L. and Bazan, N. G. Effects of intra-striatal injections of platelet-activating factor and the PAF antagonist BN 52021 on memory. Neurobiol. Leant. Mem. 66 176-182,1996. 

Amantadine is as efficacious as AChs and has less effect on memory. 

Jenkins V, Shilling V, Fallowfield L, Howell A, Hutton S (2004) Does hormone therapy for the treatment of breast cancer have a detrimental effect on memory and cognition A pil study. Psychooncology 13 61-66... 

Wonnacott, K.M. and Bonneau, R.H., The effects of stress on memory cytotoxic T lymphocyte-mediated protection against herpes simplex virus infection at mucosal sites, Brain Behav. Immun., 16, 104, 2002. 

Vincamine (91) is the major alkaloid of V. minor, a plant used against headache and vertigo. It exerts a sedative CNS action and produces a fall in blood pressure. The principal activity is a moderate cerebral vasodilation. Clinical studies have demonstrated that i.v. administration of 91 to humans reduces the arterial blood pressure and increases cerebral blood flow and oxygen consumption. The improved cerebral hemodynamic conditions significantly and positively affect the state of patients with advanced arteriosclerosis with beneficial effects on memory, concentration, and behavior. It has thereafter been introduced under several trade names as a pharmaceutical in many European countries (232). Vobasine (32) has been widely studied it exhibits a weak CNS depressive, analgesic, and antipyretic action (21). 

Rychnovsky et al. considered the formation of achiral conformers from chiral molecules and trapping the prochiral radical with a hydrogen atom donor based on memory of chirality (Scheme 12) [41], The photo-decarboxylation of optically active tetrahydropyran 40 leads to an intermediate 43, which now does not contain a stereocenter. If the intermediate 43 can be trapped by some hydrogen atom source before ring inversion takes place, then an optically active product 41 will be formed. This is an example of conformational memory effect in a radical reaction. It was reported that the radical inversion barrier is low (< 0.5 kcal/mol) while the energy for chair flip 43 44 is higher (5 to... 

The important point in the present context is that these cognitive abilities do not come for free. It is clear that high levels of intensionality are extremely difficult to cope with in computational terms. Kinderman et al. (in press), for example, tested normal adults with a series of tests similar to those used in standard ToM tests but which allowed for up to fifth order intensionality (as opposed to the conventional second order of standard ToM false belief tests). At the same time, subjects were also given tests of environmental causal relationships that required only memory of a sequence of events. Memory tests involved causal relationships of up to sixth orders of embeddness ( A caused B which caused C which. caused F ). Error rates on memory tasks varied fairly uniformly between 5-15% across the six levels of embeddness with no significant trends in contrast, error rates on the ToM tasks increased exponentially with order of embeddness (i.e. intensionality). 

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