Oligosaccharide Haemophilus influenzae

In different polysaccharides of the teichoic acid type, monosaccharides or oligosaccharides are connected by phosphoric diester linkages. Two examples are the capsular antigens from Neisseria meningitides type A (56) and Haemophilus influenzae type c (57), respectively. Glycerol phosphate... 

Anderson, P.W., Pichichero, M.E., Stein, E.C., Porcelli, S., Betts, R.F., Connuck, D.M., Korones, D., Insel, R.A., Zahradnik, J.M., and Eby, R. (1989) Effect of oligosaccharide chain length, exposed terminal group, and hapten loading on the antibody response of human adults and infants to vaccines consisting of Haemophilus influenzae type b capsular antigen uniterminally coupled to the diphtheria protein CRMI97./. Immunol. 142, 2464-2468. 

Haemophilus influenzae type b (Hib) vaccines currently in use are conjugate products, consisting of either a polysaccharide or oligosaccharide of polyribosylribitol phosphate (PRP) covalently linked to a protein carrier. 

Hou, Y. and Gu, X. X. (2003) Development of peptide mimotopes of lipo-oligosaccharide from nontypeable Haemophilus influenzae as vaccine candidates. J. Immunol. 170,4373-4379. 

Lundstrom, S.L., Twelkmeyer, B., Sagemark, M.K., Li, 1., Richards, J.C., Hood, D.W., Moxon, E.R., Schweda, E.K.H. Novel globoside-like oligosaccharide expression patterns in nontypeable Haemophilus influenzae lipopolysaccharide. FEBS 1274 (2007) 4886 1903. 

Despite the fact that many heptoses are by far less prominent in Nature than hexoses these monosaccharides are found both as metabolic intermediates, and as structural carbohydrates of bacterial cell walls.D-Sedoheptulose 7-phosphate is an important intermediate of the pentose cycle, and D-sedoheptulose 1,7-bisphosphate is present in plants as an intermediate of the dark phase of photosynthetic reactions. L-Glycero-D-manno-heptose was isolated from the oligosaccharides obtained by partial acid hydrolysis of the lipopolysaccharide from Escherichia coli K-12 strain W3100 [153] and Haemophilus influenzae [154]. Both L-glycero-D-wtanno-heptose and D-glycero-D-ma o-heptose were isolated from the lipopolysaccharide of Vibrio parahaemolyticus [155]. 

Some bacteria, such as Haemophilus influenzae and N. meningitidis, express R-type LPS comprising a heterogeneous mixture of core oligosaccharides. LPS can be subjected either to O-deacylation to remove O-linked fatty acids from lipid A or to mild acid treatment to release the entire lipid A. These treatments increase the solubility for MS analysis and simplify the MS data for the elucidation of the structure of molecules. 

FIGURE 7.8 Structure of the conserved inner core oligosaccharide regions of LPS from N. meningitidis and H. influenzae. (A) Haemophilus influenzae capsular and noncapsular strains. (B) Neisseria meningitidis strain. (Adapted from Li, J. et al. Methods Enzymol, 405, 369, 2005. With permission.)... 

Schweda, E. K., Li, J., Moxon, E. R. and Richards, J. C. Structural analysis of hpopolysaccharide oligosaccharide epitopes expressed by non-typeable Haemophilus influenzae strain 176. Carbohydr Res, 337, 409, 2002. 

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