Olfactory nervous system

ODOR. An important property of many substances, manifested by a physiological sensation caused by contact of their molecules with the olfactory nervous system. Odor and flavor are closely related, and both are profoundly affected by submicrogram amounts of volatile compounds. Attempts to correlate odor with chemical structure have produced no definitive results, Objective measurement techniques involving chromatography are under development. Even potent odors must be present in a concentration of 1,7 x I07 molecules/cc to be detected. It has been authentically stated that the nose is 100 times as sensitive in detection of threshold odor values as the best analytical apparatus. 

Ito, N., Nagai, T., Oikawa, T., Yamada, H. and Hanawa, T. (2008) Antidepressant-like effect of l-perillaldehyde in stress-induced depression-like model mice through regulation of the olfactory nervous system, livid Based Complement Alternat Med. 

PERC is a colorless liquid with an ether-like odor. It boils at 121 °C and has a liquid density of 1.6. It is lipid-soluble with a distribution between octanol/ water of 3.4 and has a solubility of 0.015 g (100 ml) in water. Its vapor density is 5.7 and, consequently, it settles in low areas when released in quantity into the environment. PERC quickly desensitizes the olfactory nervous system but can be recognized in air at 4.7 ppm but is generally thought to have an odor threshold of 50 ppm. A worker may be exposed to high concentrations of PERC without smelling it. 

Takagi, S.F. (1984) The olfactory nervous system of the old world monkey. Japan J. Physiol, 34, 561 -573. 

Odor 6-d9r [ME odour, fr. ME, fr. L odor, akin to L olere to smell, Gk ozein to smell, osme smell, odor] (13c) n. A reaction that is manifested by a physiological sensation due to physical contact with odorant agent molecules and the human olfactory nervous system. 

Perl, D.P. and Good, P.F. (1987). Uptake of aluminium into central nervous system along nasal-olfactory pathways. Lancet i, 1028. 

Johnston R.E. (1985). Olfactory and vomeronasal mechanisms of communication. In Taste, Olfaction and the Central Nervous System (Pfaff D.W., eds.). Rockefeller University Press, N.Y. 

The uptake of manganese by plants and its transport within plants has been reviewed. " Reviews describing Mn speciation in the blood and the transport kinetics of Mn into the central nervous system of mammals have appeared. Manganese has a unique capacity to be taken up via the olfactory pathways and pass trans-neuronally to other parts of the brain. ... 

Whole-body autoradiography of male Sprague-Dawley rats given intravenous injections (2.7 mg/kg bw) of 7V-nitroso[ C]diethanolamine showed an even distribution in most tissues except for tissue-bound radioactivity that was localized in the liver and the nasal olfactory mucosa. A lower level of labelling in the central nervous system probably indicated that 7V-nitrosodiethanolamine penetrated the blood-brain barrier poorly, while higher labelling in the kidney and urinary bladder may reflect elimination of 7V-nitroso[ C]diethanolamine in urine (Lofbeig Tjalve, 1985). 

---