Oils and fats industry

Natural fats and oils can be used directly in products, either individually or as mixtures. In many cases, however, it is necessary to modify their properties, particularly their melting characteristics, to make them suitable for particular applications. Therefore, the oils and fats industry has developed several modification processes using enzyme technology. In particular, lipases (and lately cutinases), phospholipases and pectinases can be used for interesterification processes, ester syntheses and in olive-oil extraction. 

A variety of emulsions of oils and fats are used in leather industry to make leather soft and pliable and also to make it waterproof. Emulsions are also used in oil and fat industry, paints and varnishes, plastic industry, adhesives, cellulose and paper industry etc. 

Although the processes of hydrogenation and chemical interesterification that are commonly used in the wider oils and fats industry may be applied to milk fat, there are a number of factors that prevent these being an attractive option for milk fat modification. Apart from the fact that ingredient manufacturers are seeking alternatives to the use of chemicals, milk fat is... 

Enzymatic Reactions for Production of Biodiesel Fuel and Their Application to the Oil and Fat Industry... 

BDF is produced currently by a chemical process with an alkaline catalyst, which has some drawbacks, such as the energy-intensive nature of the process, the interference of the reaction by free fatty acids (FFAs) and water, the need for removal of alkaline catalyst from the product, the difficulty in recovering glycerol, and the treatment of alkaline wastewater. To overcome these problems, the processes using ion-exchange resins (Shibasaki-Kitakawa et al., 2007), supercritical MeOH (Kusdiana and Saka, 2004), MeOH vapor (Ishikawa et al, 2005), and immobilized lipases (Mittelbach, 1990 Nelson et al, 1996 Selmi and Thomas, 1998) have been proposed. In this paper, enzyme processes for production of BDF from waste edible oil, waste FFAs, and acid oil recovered from soapstock are described. In addition, applications of the element reactions to the oil and fat industry are introduced. 

Sterols and FAStEs in VODD were purified as FAStEs through the process described above. As the oil and fat industry demands both sterols and FAStEs, conversion of FAStEs to sterols was attempted. 

Some element reactions for BDF production can be applied widely to oil and fat processing. Since enzyme-catalyzed reactions proceed efficiently under mild conditions, they are suitable for the treatment of materials including unstable compounds. Furthermore, enzymes can convert only a desired compound to its other molecular form because of the strict substrate specificity compared with chemical catalysts. We hope that much attention will be focused on the superiority of enzyme, and that lipase reactions will be applied more and more as the practical process in the oil and fat industry. 

Shimada, Y., Nagao, T., and Watanabe, Y. 2005b. Application of multistep reaction with lipases to the oil and fat industry. In Shahidi, F. (Ed.), Nutraceutical and Specialty Lipids and their Co-Products (pp. 365-386). Boca Raton, FL CRC Press, Taylor Francis. 

The critical parameters for a successful application in oils and fats industries may require special attention to feed characteristics, aging, pretreatment, process conditions, process mode, hygienic design, membrane cleaning, and disinfection. 

It should be possible to use compressed metal powders as, for example, a catalytic filter, but the present authors are not aware of any industrial examples of this. Raney metals powders, however, have been employed in some liquid-based processes in shallow beds through which reactants pass. Because Raney metals are fine grained, pressure drop can be a problem so it is more common to use them in an unstructured way in slurry reactors, as, for example, formerly in the oils and fats industry [3]. Raney metals can have high surface areas when freshly prepared, but this decreases quickly in use, particularly when exposed to elevated temperatures. Pressure drop considerations are less significant for beds of metal granules, but there is less effective use of metal than with fine powders. For granules, surface areas in the region of 30-35 cm g are typical for silver used in... 

American Oil Chemists Society. Although there is no publication devoted exclusively to the field of edible fats, there is one very excellent American periodical devoted to the broader field of all fats and oils and related materials. This is the Journal of the American Oil Chemists Society, which is now in its thirty-fifth year of publication, initially as the Chemists Section of the Cotton Oil Press. In 1924 it was a quarterly called the Journal of Oil and Fat Industries, and it became a monthly in 1926. In 1932 the name was changed to Oil and Soap in 1947 the present title was adopted. This magazine not only publishes technical papers presented at the society meetings or written specifically for publication, but also it includes each month... 

Probably the most important concern about hydrocarbon levels in the oils and fats industry is in detection of contamination with petroleum products, which occasionally takes place during shipment or other handling of oils. 

Pricat [Unicbema] Nickel catalyst for hydrogenation of edible oils and fats, industrial fats and fatty acids. 

Hammond, E.G. and Fehr, W.R. 1984. Progress in breeding for low-linolenic acid soybean oil, in Biotechnology for the Oils and Fat Industry, Ratledge, C., Dawson, R, and Rattray, J., Eds., Champaign, IL AOCS Press, 89-96. 

Whale oils, 130, 134, 138, 139, 140 Wheat lipids, 161,162,164,485 Wheat monogalactosyldiglycerides, 334 Wheatgerm oil, 96,104-08 Wheeler method for peroxide value, 263 Whipple s disease, 528 Wide-line NMR in the oils and fats industry, 418... 

Carrier distillation using water vapor as the carrier is common in the oil and fat industry. In the oil and petrochemical industries, carrier distillation is used to strip loaded solvent from absorption units, using water vapor or an inert carrier in continuous counterflow columns. 

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