Oilfield fluids

Oilfield applications Oil-field drilling Oilfield fluids Oil fields... 

Z. R. Lemanczyk. The use of polymers in well stimulation performance, availability and economics. In Proceedings Volume. Plast Rubber Inst Use of Polymers in Drilling Oilfield Fluids Conf (London, England, 12/9), 1991. 

Oilfield fluids -organic htanates as [TITANIUM COMPOUNDS - ORGANIC] (Vol 24)... 

OxTOBY, N. H., Mitchell, A. W. Gluyas, J. G. 1995. The filling and emptying of the Ula Oilfield fluid inclusion constraints. In Cubitt, J. M. England, W. A. (eds) The Geochemistry of Reservoirs, Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 86, 141-157. 

In the oil industry the operational problems related to the presence of inorganic solids in oilfield fluids are extremely burdensome. On the one hand, the smallest particles contribute to the formation of extremely stable emulsions by enhancing the mechanical properties of the interfacial films. On the other hand, bigger particles can accumulate in the process equipment or erode pipes. 

Polyacrylamides are used in many other oilfield appUcations. These include cement additives for fluid loss control in well cementing operations (127), viscosity control additives for drilling muds (128), and fracturing fluids (129). Copolymers [40623-73-2] of acrylamide and acrylamidomethylpropanesulfonic acid do not degrade with the high concentrations of acids used in acid fracturing. 

Oilfield Uses. Calcium chloride has two uses in the oilfield as a primary ingredient in completion fluids and as the brine phase in an invert emulsion oil mud. An excellent review of oil well drilling fluids is available (36) (see also Petroleum, drilling fluids). 

The excellent chemical resistance of Aflas has led to important applications in oilfields and, more recently, in the car industry in place of FKM rubbers because of the better resistance to new types of engine oils, transmission fluids, gear lubricants and engine coolants. 

The large number of existing oilfield facilities operation in or discharging produced water into surface waters of the United States has prompted EPA to issue general NPDES permits. The general permit allows discharge of low-toxicity drilling fluid directly to the sea. 

A. Audibert, L. Rousseau, and J. Kieffer. Novel bigb-pressure/bigb-temperature fluid loss reducer for water-based formulation. In Proceedings Volume, pages 235-242. SPE Oilfield Chem Int Symp (Houston, TX, 2/16-2/19), 1999. 

D. A. Huddleston, R. K. Gabel, and C. D. Williamson. Method for reducing fluid loss from oilfield cement slurries using vinyl grafted wattle tannin. Patent US 5134215,1992. 

J. A. Westland, D. A. Lenk, and G. S. Penny. Rheological characteristics of reticulated hacterial cellulose as a performance additive to fracturing and drilhng fluids. In Proceedings Volume, pages 501-514. SPE Oilfield Chem Int Symp (New Orleans, LA, 3/2-375), 1993. 

G. P. Zhang and H. C. Ye. AM/MA/AMPS terpolymer as non-viscosifying filtrate loss reducer for drilling fluids. Oilfield Chem, 15(3) 269-271, September 1998. 

Sedimentary rocks from oil reservoirs exhibit significant porosity where crude oils and water often coexist to share the pore space. The characterization of the pore structure and the fluids in situ is essential in the development of oilfields and specifically in the design of the production strategy and the facility. NMR has become an increasingly important well-logging and laboratory technique to quantify rock and fluid properties. 2D NMR has recently been introduced to the petroleum industry as a commercial well-logging service [58]. We will first review a few examples of the 2D NMR experiments on the sedimentary rocks in laboratory and well-logging applications. 

Anderson, R.W. Baker, J.R. "Use of Guar Gum and Synthetic Cellulose in Oilfield Stimulation Fluids", SPE paper 5005, 1974 SPE Annual Meeting, Houston, October 6-9. 

Knoll, S.K. Prud homme, R.K. "Interpretation of Dynamic Oscillatory Measurements for Characterization of Well Completion Fluids", SPE paper 16283, 1987 SPE International Symposium on Oilfield Chemistry, San Antonio, February 4-6. 

Xanthan, used in EOR trials in the USA, and still being considered elsewhere, has found a niche in drilling fluids, which, together with other oilfield uses, accounts for some 2000 tons per year. Xanthan solutions have several useful properties they display a highly pseudoplastic rheology, are tolerant to salt, and have good thermal stability. There was we felt, however, some scope for improvement. 

Shellflo-S, succinoglycan is an interesting new polymer for use in the oilfield, in many ways complementary to xanthan. It is particularly appropriate for use in well completion fluids at moderate temperatures, where a more pseudoplastic rheology than that provided by HEC, and a more rapidly breaking polymer than xanthan is required. 

Patel, A.D. and Salandanan, C.S. "Thermally Stable Polymeric Gellant for Oil-Base Drilling Fluids," SPE paper 13560, 1985 International Symposium on Oilfield and Geothermal Chemistry, Phoenix, April 9 11. 

Table 30.1. Compositions offormation fluids from three North Sea oilfields (Edward Warren, personal communication) and seawater...

Oilfield drilling fluids, organic titanium compounds in, 25 133 Oilfield emulsions, colloid, 7 274t Oilfield hydraulic fracturing fluids, organic titanium compounds in, 25 133 Oil fields, lithium in, 15 124 Oil-field waters, lithium-bearing, 15 128 Oil filters, phenolic resins in, 18 790 Oil-furnace blacks, 4 762 manufacture, 4 780—785 Oil gas, 6 787... 

The properties of oilfield waters have not been studied as carefully and systematically as the properties of other fluids of interest to petroleum engineers. Therefore, many of the correlations discussed in this chapter are based on limited data. 

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