Oil and Water Repellent Finishes

These copolymers have been mentioned already in section 10.10.4 as versatile and highly effective stain-resist, oil- and water-repellent finishing agents. 

Fluoro group containing aliphatic carbodiimides are used to impart oil and water repellent finishes to nylon and polyester fabrics and to leather materials. " ... 

CNC AQUAFILM PA is a new aqueous fluorochemical finish designed to impart lasting high oil and water repellent finishes on outerwear fabrics. Application of this fluorochemical is especially easy because it is completely miscible with cold or warm water. CNC AQUAFILM PA is a one component system which is cationic. Generally, it may be used with any nonionic or cationic additive. Anionic and basic materials have limited compatibility. 

Cellulosics have certain deficiencies in properties that require finishing to improve these properties and maximize consumer usage and acceptance. The most important cellulosic finishes include crease resistant and stabilizing finishes, soil release and softening finishes (in conjunction with crease resistant finishes), oil and water repellant finishes, biologically protective finishes, and flame retardant finishes. 

Oil and Water Repellent Finishes A wide range of oil and water repellent finishes are available for cellulosics and are described earlier in this chapter. 

However, a review by B. C. M. Dorset entitled Fluorochemicals development and uses in oil- and water-repellent finishes has been published recently in Textile Mfr., 1970, 96, 112 (c/. Chem. Abs., 1970,72, 122 699s). 

Polyfluorinated chemicals now dominate in the fields of oil-repellent and water-repellent finishes. The earlier so-called conventional polyfluorinated products were of the type represented by poly(N-methylperfluoro-octanesulphonamidoethyl acrylate) (10.248) [499]. Such products presented a shield of closely packed fluoroalkyl groups at the fibre-air interface, thus giving low-energy surfaces with excellent oleophobicity. These showed excellent resistance to oil-based stains but were less satisfactory as soil-release agents during... 

Oxadiazole derivatives have been tested in the textile industry as antistatic agents for textile finishes,232,233 thermally stable polymers,82, 234,235 fluorescent whiteners,236 oil and water repellents on cotton and wool,237 and blue dyes for polyesters and polyamides.238 Oxadiazole merocyanine dyes have been patented as photosensitizers for silver halide emulsions.239... 

ARIDRY FC Extra is a new aqueous fluorochemical finish designed to impart lasting high oil and water repellence together with dry soil resistance to all fibers including cotton, rayon, wool, nylon, acrylics, polyester and is especially recommended for upholstery fabrics, drapery, slipcovers and other woven materials where dry-soil resistance is of importance. 

An economical dual action extender that improves both oil and water repellent properties of fluorochemical finishes. 

SEQTJAPEti 0 W repellent is a dual action extender that can be used alone or used to lower the cost of high priced fluorochemical finishes by improving both oil and water repellent properties. SEQUAPEL O W repellent is prebalanced to provide both economical oil and water repellency. 

Zepel [Du Pont]. TM for a fluorocarbon textile finish used as a durable oil and water repellent. 

A unique fluoroepoxy compound is liquid at ambient temperature and can be cured by incorporation of suitable agents (e.g., amino silicone compounds) [2.37]. It forms finishes with low friction, oil and water repellency, and antifouling properties [2.38], [2.39]. 

Oil and Water Repellents Several classes of chemical agents exist that impart water and/or oil repellency when applied to textile substrates. Some finishes give water repellency only, whereas other finishes impart both water and oil repellency. Water repellent finishes are those which permit the fabric to continue to breathe after treatment, whereas waterproof treatments completely seal the spaces between individual yarns, as in... 

A/-substituted, long-chain alkyl monomethylol cycHc ureas have also been used to waterproof cotton through etherification. Other water repellent finishes for cotton are produced by cross-linked siHcone films (56). In addition to the polymeri2ation of the phosphoms-containing polymers on cotton to impart flame retardancy and of siHcone to impart water repeUency, polyduorinated polymers have been successfuUy appHed to cotton to impart oil repeUency. Chemical attachment to the cotton is not necessary for durabUity oU repeUency occurs because of the low surface energy of the duorinated surface (57). 

Use Emulsifying agent for oils, waxes, and hydrocarbon solvents surface tension reducer detergent water-repellent finishes. 

Natural finish- A transparent finish which does not seriously alter the original color or grain of the natural wood. Natural finishes are usually provided by sealers, oils, varnishes, water repellent preservatives, and other similar materials. 

Fluorochemical are mostly used as repellent agents in textile finishing, which satisfy the demand for high water repellency and also impart oil and soil repellency to textiles [6]. 

Hydrocarbon-based repellents are relatively inexpensive but they repel only water. They do not impart oil and soil repellency to textiles. In contrast, fluorinated repellents provide oil and soil repellency as well as water repellency. However, the higher cost of fluorinated repellents limits their applications. To lower the cost of repellent finishing, fluoropolymers are usually coapplied with hydrocarbon-type repellents. With a hydrocarbon repellent as an extender, fluorinated repellents can be used at a lower concentration without an adverse effect on repellency [43-57]. 

Chemical modification of the wax can improve smear resistance (5). Silicones, which do not harm furniture finishes (6), are incorporated as film-forming ingredients in furniture polishes. The lubricant properties of silicones improve ease of application of the polish and removal of insoluble soil particles. In addition, silicones make dry films easier to buff and more water-repellent, and provide depth of gloss, ie, ability to reflect a coherent image as a result of a high refractive index (7). Wax-free polishes, which have silicones as the only film former, can be formulated to deliver smear resistance (8). Another type of film former commonly used in oil-base furniture polishes is a mineral or vegetable oil, eg, linseed oil. 

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