Of “chloraloses

Dudley, R. E., Nelson, S. R., and Samson, F., 1982, Influence of chloralose on brain regional glucose utilization. Brain Res. 233 173-180. 

Carbohydrate-based phosphoranes were synthesized by reacting the appropriate diphenol with phosphorus trichloride followed by the addition of chloralose to form (60) and by the addition of isopropylidene-D-glucofuranose to form (61) and (62) in the presence of A -chlorodiiospropylamine. 

Pellotine is a convulsant in the frog and cat. Clerc, Janot and Paris, state that the intravenous lethal dose in dogs is 10 mgm./kilo. In chloralosed dogs 5 mgm./kilo slowed the heart and caused a fall in blood pressure the effects lasted for a few minutes and resembled those due to acetylcholine they were inhibited by atropine and increased by yohimbine and ergotamine. A few injections of this dose at short intervals produced convulsions and this effect was inhibited by phenobarbitone. 

FIGURE 9.15 In vivo effec ts o f P-adreno cep tor partial agonis ts o f differing in trinsic efficacy. Changes in heart rate (increases in beats/min) shown in anesthetized cats. Chloralose/pento barbital anesthesia (filled circles) yield low basal heart rates, while urethane/pen to barbital anaesthesia (open circles) yields high basal heart rates. Responses to (in order of descending relative intrinsic efficacy) (a) pirbuterol, (b) prenalterol, and (c) pindolol. Redrawn from [50],... 

Xi, M. C., Liu, R. H., Yamuy, J., Morales, F. R. Chase, M. H. (1997). Electro-physiological properties of lumbar motoneurons in the alpha-chloralose-anesthetized cat during carbachol-induced motor inhibition. J. Neurophysioi 78, 129-36. 

More successful applications of periodate oxidation to substituted sugars were made employing the sugar phosphates and phosphoric acids,63 66 the chloraloses, 62 70 the benzyl ethers of sugars,71 72 a dimethyleneoxy sugar,73... 

Ueki, M., Mies, G. and Hossmann, K. A. Effect of alpha-chloralose, halothane, pentobarbital and nitrous oxide anesthesia on metabolic coupling in somatosensory cortex of rat. Acta Anaesthesiol. Scand. 36 318-322,1992. 

Adult cats of either sex are anesthetized with a-chloralose, 80 mg/kg, and pentobarbital 7 mg/kg, given intraperitoneally. Cannulas are placed in the left femoral vein and artery for drug injection and recording blood pressure and heart rate. The lungs are mechanically ventilated through a tracheostomy and a small animal ventilator set to deliver 15 ml/kg tidal volume and 20 breaths/min. 

The presence of abnormal colours may indicate the presence of inorganic pigments (e.g. copper, nickel, or cobalt salts), dyestuffs from tablets, capsules, medicines, pesticides, and rodent baits, especially those containing warfarin, reserpine, chloralose, or diphenadione. Common rat-bait coloms are blue, green, or red and are usually associated wifti oafrneal or cereal grain. 

Despite their ubiquitous distribution in plants, manmade glucosidic derivatives of alcohols or phenols are rarely prepared in medicinal chemistry. An old-timer is the sedative-hypnotic a-chloralose (Figure 38.24) which is presently used only as a surgical anesthetic for laboratory animals. 

Dogs were anesthetized with morphine and chloralose. Blood pressure was recorded from a cannulated femoral artery and Injections were made intoacannulated femoral vein. The first dose of the drug usually was 1 mg>/hg > and with each injection the dose was doubled. 

These experiments were resumed by Hazard and Jequier (199) on the dog and rabbit, but the intense effects of theophylline seen in the dog are inconstant in the rabbit whose respiration is not depressed. After a depression of the respiratory center by central depressive compounds (Somnifbne, chloralose, Evipan, morphine), theophylline, even in small doses, combats the decreased respiratory rate and volume. 

Oxyacanthine is reported to have some sympathicolytic action (19). In dogs, after chloralose anesthesia, double vagatomy in the neck, and artificial respiration, this alkaloid counteracts the action of adrenaline on the blood pressure and renal constriction. When oxyacanthine hydro-... 

The effects of anesthesia are critical in acute experiments and much remains to be learned about this area. Chloral hydrate and chloralose have been used for most studies and urethane seems to be acceptable as well. Mixed results have been obtained using barbiturates. 

The acid-catalysed reaction of 1,2-0-trichloroethylidene-a-D-glucofuranose (a-chloralose) with butyraldehyde afforded diastereoisomeric 5,6-0-butylidene-1,2-0-trichloroethylidene-a-D-glucofuranoses, which were identified by chemical and spectroscopic evidence. The 3,5-0-butylidene derivative was not formed, but it could be prepared by debenzoylation of the product obtained from the reaction of 6-0-benzoyl-1,2-0-trichloroethylidene-a-D-glucofuranose with butyraldehyde. The butylidene group of the 3,5-acetal was hydrolysed much more readily than that of the 5,6-acetals. 

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